Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Genetically modified organism containment and escape wikipedia , lookup
Dominance (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Genetically modified crops wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Mendelian Genetics Gregor Mendel: • Austrian Monk • Born 1822 • Studied statistics in college • Studied many plants, but famous for peas and Mendelian Genetics Mendel observed contrasting traits in pea plants: • seed shape • plant height • flower color Mendel’s Experiments •Mendel grew pure strains for a single trait (like flower color) • He crossed the pure strains, called the parent generation (P1) • After P1 Mendel cross pollinated plants to control pollination Mendel raised several generations of peas and observed: • some seeds from short plants produced tall plants • some seeds from plants with purple flowers produced plants with white flowers Recessive and Dominant Traits: • Trait that showed up in F1 must be a dominant gene, because it masked the other gene • The trait that did not appear must have been the recessive gene. Offspring of P1 generation showed (pg 311): • Crosses of P1 produced all one height (tall) called the F1 generation • F1 plants self pollinated and he found a 3:1 ratio (3 tall, 1 short) in the offspring. This generation was called F2. • Mendel thought “a factor” (gene) must control the characteristics, and that there must be two factors. Law of Independent Assortment: • The genes for different traits are not connected • Genes for different traits are distributed to gametes independently. Law of Segregation: • A pair of genes for one trait is separated during the formation of gametes (meiosis).