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Transcript
Patterns of Inheritance different ways to display Phenotypes Genes can be inherited based on various patterns •Mendel’s Dominance vs. Recessive •Incomplete dominance •Co-dominance •Multiple alleles •Multiple genes Mendel’s DOMINANT vs. recessive •In this pattern one allele is designated DOMINANT while the other is recessive •It only takes the presence or absence of the dominant allele to determine the phenotype •There are only two possible phenotypes Homozygous dominant Genotype = BB G G GG Heterozygous Genotype = Bb G g Gg Homozygous recessive Genotype = bb g g gg Incomplete Dominance •In this pattern neither allele is considered recessive •Heterozygous conditions produce a blend of the two traits creating a third phenotype. Homozygous condition 1 Genotype = RR R R RR Homozygous condition 2 Genotype = R’R’ R’ R’ R’R’ Heterozygous Genotype = RR’ R’ R RR’ Co-dominance •In this pattern much like incomplete dominance, neither allele is considered recessive •In a heterozygous condition where each type of allele is present the phenotype displays both traits from each allele •There are 3 possible phenotypes Homozygous Condition 1 Genotype = RR R R RR Homozygous Condition 2 Genotype = R’R’ R’ R’ R’R’ Heterozygous Genotype = RR’ R’ R RR’ Multiple alleles •In this pattern there is more than just two alleles (3 or more) •Combinations of other patterns •Ex. Some alleles behave in a dominant/recessive fashion while other alleles display a co-dominant or incomplete dominant relationship •This can lead to multiple phenotypes Blood has 3 alleles •2 dominant (A and B – have a co-dominant relationship) •1 recessive (O has a recessive relationship with A and B) Homozygous recessive Genotype = ii i i ii Homozygous for A Genotype = IAIA IA IA IA IA Heterozygous for A and O (dominant and recessive) Genotype = IAi i IA IAi Heterozygous for A and B (co-dominance) Genotype = IAIB IB IA IAIB Multiple Genes •In this pattern there is more than one gene responsible for a single trait •Makes it possible for many types of genotypes and phenotypes •Continuous variation With simple patterns of inheritance like dom/rec, and incomplete dominance you It’sco-dominance very easy to distinguish each phenotype may only get a few phenotypes and each is distinct from one another. Imagine people with only these skin colors When there are multiple genes involved with a single trait you can expect more of a continuum of variation. This is more representative of human skin color
