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Dazl shRNA construct design Dann C T et al. PNAS 2006;103:11246-11251 ©2006 by National Academy of Sciences Transgene expression and DAZL knockdown Dann C T et al. PNAS 2006;103:11246-11251 ©2006 by National Academy of Sciences Analysis of Dazl-shRNA phenotype Dann C T et al. PNAS 2006;103:11246-11251 ©2006 by National Academy of Sciences Reverse genetics in the rat: Advantages to using in vivo RNAi over traditional knock-out methods • Because of the small size of the sequences encoding shRNAs, these sequences can be cloned in lentiviral vectors • Production of transgenic founders with lentivirus is easy and efficient • In vivo RNAi allows to generate animals with different degrees of gene deficiency. An allelic series of hypomorphs is often more informative for modeling human disease phenotypes • Conditional in vivo RNAi approach is now feasable in the rat using tissue specific promoters (RNA polymerase II promoters) driving the expression of shRNAs (embedded in microRNAs)