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Transcript
Organic Chemistry AP Biology Carbohydrates How do you recognize a carb? Function? Structure/Function Relationships Why are carbs good for Energy? Why short term? Specific structure/function relationships Glycogen Lipids Structure? Functions? Examples? Structure/Function Relationships Fats – saturated and unsaturated Cholesterol Steroid Hormones Wax Mucus Proteins Structure? Globular vs. Fibrous Proteins? Functions of Structural Proteins? Functions of Globular Proteins? Structure/Function Relationships? Fibrous vs. Globular Proteins Protein Folding Primary Structure – straight chain of aa – not functional Secondary Structure – starts to fold – alphahelix and beta pleated sheats – uncharged parts probably start of collapse together and the O of the acid groups form H bonds with the H from the amino group Protein Folding continued Tertiary Structure – caused by interactions of R groups that have now been brought closer together by secondary folding – Functional! Held together by: Hydrogen bonds Disulfide bonds between cystein aa Hydrophobic interactions Ionic bonds Quarternary Structure – when more than one polypetide binds together to make the final shape of the protein (ex. Hemoglobin) – Functional! DNA Structure? base pairing (purine/pyrimidine, A-T, G-C, covalent bonding of backbone, H bonding between bases Function? Structure/function relationships? Structure/Function Why covalent bonds in backbone? In order to code for proteins – order of the bases is most imp. The order is maintained by the backbone which cannot fall apart or DNA is useless Why H bonds between base pairs? Enough to hold the 2 strands together but easy enough to sep. for replication and transcription Why purine-pyrimidine pairs Purines double ringed, pyr single ringed by pairing, all along the DNA is the same width so the covalent bonds of the backbone aren’t strained Why do we need base pairing? Ensures exact copying