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AP BIOLOGY
Biochemistry Review Sheet
I. Biochemistry
A. Chemistry Review
2.1-2.3, 3.1-3.3
1. Atomic structure
2. Valence concept
3. Bonds
a. covalent
b. polar covalent
c. h-bonds
d. “weak” bonds (hydrophobic interactions)
4. pH
5. chemistry of water (hydrophobic/hydrophilic)
B. Elements of Life Handout Chemical Characteristics of Living Matter
1. 16 elements
2. Why these 16?
3. 5 compounds
a. water
b. carbohydrates
c. lipids
d. proteins
e. nucleic acids
4. common properties of biological molecules: 5.1
a. linear polymers
b. dehydration synthesis/hydrolysis
c. covalent bonds – primary structure
d. weak bonds -3D shape
C. Intro to Organic Chemistry
4.2,4.2
1. Parent compounds (Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes)
2. 6 functional Groups (Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino,
Phosphate, N-rings)
D. Carbohydrates
5.2
1. Uses
2. Straight chain/ ring form
3. Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose)
4. Disaccharides (Maltose, sucrose, lactose)
5. Alpha vs. Beta form
6. Polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose)
E. Lipids
5.3
1. Uses
2. Triglyceride (glycerol + 3 fatty acids)
3. Saturated vs. unsaturated fats
4. Olestra
F. Proteins 5.4
1. Uses
2. Amino Acid structure
3. Different R groups
4. Peptide bond
5. Protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary)
6. Simple vs. compound proteins
7. primary structure determines 3D shape of protein. How?
G. Chemical Reactions
8.1,8.2,8.4,8.5
1. a + b leads to c + d
2. Delta G equation (G final – G Initial)
3. Endothermic vs. exothermic
4. Activation energy concept
5. Role of enzymes
6. Mechanism of enzyme action
7. Factors that affect Enzyme-catalyzed reactions
a. temp
b. pH
c. heavy metals
d. inhibition (competitive, non-competitive)
e. modulation (feedback control)
Lab: Filter Paper Lab using Catalase and Hydrogen Peroxide.
The test will have 30-35 Multiple Choice Questions, an Essay (from a past AP
Exam) and a Bonus Section. The maximum score on any Unit Test is 100%.