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Introduction to Taxonomy Differential Biology 6th Period April 11, 2005 Taxonomy Definition: The discipline of describing and classifying an organism. 7 levels of Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species King Philip Came Over For Green Spaghetti 5 Kingdoms Monera (bacteria) Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Cladograms These are organized according to shared, specialized characteristics. Example: In this sense birds are reptiles because the two groups have many similar derived characteristics. Example of a Cladogram Source: http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/hall_tour/spectrum/non_flash_index.html Three Domains There is much debate about how many domains there should be and what they should include. Science has argued over this for years. For our class we will use the three most commonly accepted domains. Three Domains Con’t Archaea – bacteria that lives in extreme habitats, possibly from primitive earth. Eubacteria – All other prokaryotic organisms. Eukarya – All eukaryotic life. Comparison of Domains Characteristic Eubacteria ArchaeBacteria Eukaryotes Nuclear envelope absent absent present Organelles absent absent present Peptidoglycan cell present wall absent absent Type of membrane lipids Some branched hydrocarbons Unbranched hydrocarbons Unbranched hydrocarbons Source: http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bsci100/bacteria.viruses.htm Characteristic Eubacteria RNA One polymerases ArchaeBacteria Eukaryotes several several Initiator amino acid formylmethionine methionine Introns Absent present in some genes present Response to chloroamph enicol (antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis) Sensitive insensitive insensitive Source: http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bsci100/bacteria.viruses.htm methionine A Brief Summary What is taxonomy? What was the acronym for the 7 levels of taxa? Who can list the 7 levels? Why is there such a controversy over the domains? Something To Look Forward To Tomorrow we are going to begin working on what is called a dichotomous key. It’s sort of like creating a map for identifying organisms.
