* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Slide 1
Comparative genomic hybridization wikipedia , lookup
Cell-penetrating peptide wikipedia , lookup
Silencer (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
DNA sequencing wikipedia , lookup
Agarose gel electrophoresis wikipedia , lookup
Holliday junction wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression wikipedia , lookup
Maurice Wilkins wikipedia , lookup
Community fingerprinting wikipedia , lookup
Molecular evolution wikipedia , lookup
List of types of proteins wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
DNA Structure and Replication Reminder…what are the monomer units of a nucleic acid? Nucleotides A long chain of nucleotides strung together ‘phosphate to sugar’ make up one strand of the DNA molecule…the nitrogen base sticks out on its own. DNA is a “twisted ladder”…alternating sugar and phosphate groups make up the uprights of the ladder and the rungs are nitrogen bases hydrogen bonded together (recall hydrogen bonds are weak bonds and can come apart easily). The rungs are always one purine bonded to one pyrimidine…A always to T and C always to G. DNA structure in detail Replication Animation 1 Animation 3 Animation 2 DNA makes an exact copy of itself during the ‘S’ phase of Interphase so that each new cell will get an identical copy of the genetic instructions. Replication is “semi-conservative” meaning that each new DNA molecule is half old DNA and half new (one strand is from the original molecule and one strand is newly synthesized using the old strand as a template). Building Proteins…turning the DNA sequence into something the cell can use. I. Transcription- turning the DNA sequence into a messenger RNA molecule that can travel out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm to the ribosomes (site of protein synthesis). (other animation) II. Translation- turning the mRNA sequence into the proper sequence of amino acids (monomers of proteins). (other animation) (another animation)