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A.P. Biology-Day 52
Take out your organic molecules packet
Should high schools perform urine tests for
steroids in athletes?
How are you doing with memorizing functional
groups and example compounds that have
them?
This will help understand the organic compounds
properties.
Figure 5.14 Cholesterol, a steroid
Amino Acids=Protein
Dehydration Synthesis
Structures of Protein
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Primary
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---the order of amino acids
---polymer of peptide bonds
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Secondary

---helix or beta sheet, discovered by Linus
Pauling
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Tertiary Structure
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
---folded on itself with hydrogen bonds
---determines the active site of the protein
---determined by the R-site
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Quaternary Structure

---multiple chains

Tertiary Structure support
between R-groups…like a phone
cord
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Disulfide linkage: S-H helps hold proteins
together to form a tertiary structure. The
phosphate group is what makes DNA a
negative charged molecule which then can
be separated with gel electrophoresis
Hydrophobic Van der wall interactions
– Nonpolar amino acids avoid water and move to
one side and attract to each other by Van der
wall interactions


Ionic
Hydrogen bonds: H---O, H---N
Functions of Proteins


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Structural support
Catalysis of reactions (enzymes)
Defense (antibodies)
Movement (contractile proteins)
Signaling (protein hormones)
Transport (cell membrane)
Receptors
Storage
Figure 5.19 A single amino acid substitution in a protein causes sickle-cell disease
The order of amino
acids determine the
tertiary structure
which determines the
function of the
protein
The order of amino acids
are coded by the order of
nitrogen bases found in
nucleic acids (DNA and
RNA)
Nucleotides make up
nucleic acids