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Cellular Respiration
Chapter 9
Chemical Energy
 There are many pathways cells can use
to release energy from compounds
 In the presence of oxygen there are
many high-energy options
 Without oxygen there are still options,
but fewer
All those CALORIES!!!
 One gram of sugar can be “burned” to
produce 3811 calories of heat energy
 One calorie is the amount of energy needed
to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1
degree Celcius
 Cells don’t actually “burn” glucose but
release the energy slowly through cellular
respiration
Cellular Respiration
6O2 + C6H12O6
6CO2 + H2O + Energy
Oxygen +
Glucose
Carbon dioxide + water
+ ENERGY!!
ATP!!!
 Adenosine triphosphate
 When a cell has energy available it stores it
by adding a third phosphate group onto ADP
to make ATP
 Breaking the bond of the third phosphate
group on ATP releases energy
ENERGY!!
ENERGY!!
Step 1: Glycolysis
 Happens with or without oxygen
 2 ATP required to run Glycolysis
 4 ATP come out of the reaction
 Glucose is broken in half into 2
molecules of pyruvic acid and a 3carbon compound
Glycolysis
Pyruvic Acid
Glucose
Pyruvic Acid
3
Carbon
Compound
ATP Balance
ATP!
ATP!
ATP!
Glycolysis
ATP!
ATP production is small, but so
fast that it can produce thousands
of molecules of ATP in a few
milliseconds
ATP!
ATP!
NADH
 As Glycolysis runs, it passes extra
electrons to NAD+ which produces
NADH
 When the cell has turned all of the
NAD+ molecules into NADH there are
no more electron receptors and
Glycolysis can no longer continue
Aer sweet AER!
Aerobic energetic reactions take place in
the mitochondria to produce LOADS of
ATP
Mr. Kreb and the Oranges
 First compound formed in Krebs Cycle
is citric acid
 Begins when pyruvic acid enters the
mitochondrion
 Kreb’s Cycle produces all of the CO2
you will ever exhale from your body
Krebs Cycle
 Pyruvate goes
in
 4 NADH,
1 FADH2,
1
ATP, and 2
CO2 come out
Electron Transport
 The Electron Transport chain received
high energy molecules (charged with
high energy electrons) from Mr. Kreb
 Molecules are passed from receptor to
receptor, stepping down the energy
level and releasing electrons to carriers
inside the mitochondrion.
E- Transport
 At the end of the chain there is an
enzyme that combines low energy
electrons with hydrogen ions and
oxygen to form water.
 H+ ions are built up in the inner
membrane through the transport
process making it positively charged
E- Transport
 H+ ions can be allowed to pass through
protein channels in the cellular
membrane turning the ATP synthases.
 The movement of the H+ ions provides
the energy to attach the third phosphate
onto the ADP molecule and form ATP
Transport Those e- !!
ATP Synthase- Cell Turbine
http://fig.cox.
miami.edu/~c
mallery/150/m
akeatp/makea
tp.htm
F1 motor of ATP synthase uses the power of
rotational motion to build ATP. Left conformation
is the one connected with ADP binding. Right
conformation is connected with ATP release.
(computed @ rasmol)
http://upload.wikim
edia.org/wikipedia/
commons/thumb/c
/c9/Atp_synthase_
pt.png/450pxAtp_synthase_pt.p
ng
Creatine
Phosphate