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“Are we really what we eat?” “Where does the ‘stuff’ that makes us come from?” -macromolecules Compounds •Inorganic: compound that does NOT have carbon •Organic: compound that HAS carbon Sources of Food Autotrophs make their own food but.... We are heterotrophs so we need to get our food from other organisms What are some autotrophs we eat? Other heterotrophs? Why Do We Need To Eat Food? Energy 8 characteristics of living things “obtain energy and materials from other organisms” Provide our bodies with materials to grow So How Does a Cheeseburger Give Us Energy? Digestion: Breaks food down into molecules that our bodies can use Our Stars: Carbohydrates Lipids/ Fats Proteins Can you identify these macromolecules? Carbohydrates Function: Main source of energy for the body Men’s World Record Marathon: 2h 03:38 Patrick Makau Kenya 25 September 2011 Berlin Women’s World Record Marathon: 2h15:25 Paula Radcliffe United Kingdom 13 April 2003 London Carbohydrates Variety of Forms: Sugars Glucose Fructose Lactose Starch Carbohydrates Diet: Fruits Pastas These sugars and starches are the carbs that give us energy They are made up of many parts called monosaccharides (MONOMER) Carbohydrate Examples -Glucose: the main source of energy in the body. -Made from photosynthesis Carbohydrate Examples: -Glycogen: stored in liver and muscle cells, and is a secondary long-term energy storage (animals) Carbohydrate Examples: -Starch: a stored form of energy (plants) Carbohydrate Examples: -Cellulose: a chain of sugar molecules that gives the cell wall in plants their strength Carbohydrates Recap: Carbs like sugar (glucose) and starches are our main source of energy. These carbs are made up of smaller units called monosaccharides, and can be found in foods such as pasta and fruit. Lipids/ Fats A calorie is a unit of energy When we eat more calories than we burn, the extra energy is stored as what? Fat Function: lipids are a way to store energy in the body Lipids/ Fats Variety of Forms Fats Oils Waxes Lipids/ Fats Diet: Oils (Olive Oil) Fats (animal fat) Subunits: Lipids are made up of many parts called fatty acids (MONOMER). Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Why one type is better for you..... Saturated Fats: have no bends in their chains so they are solid at room temperature. Unsaturated Fat: bends in chain make this a liquid at room temperature Phospholipids: molecule that makes up the cell membrane Steroids: a type of lipid (ex. cholesterol) Lipids/ Fats Recap: Lipids like fats, oils, and waxes are another source of energy. These lipids are made up of smaller units called fatty acids, and can be found in foods such as olive oil or butter. Proteins Functions: Form muscles Control reactions Help move substances into cells Proteins Variety of forms: Enzymes: control reactions Hormones hemoglobin Proteins Diet: Meats Nuts Subunits: Proteins acids. are made up of many parts called amino Proteins Recap: Proteins like enzymes, hemoglobin, and hormones help control reactions and create muscle. These proteins are made up of smaller units called amino acids, and can be found in foods such as meats and nuts. http://www.gamequarium.org/cgibin/search/linfo.cgi?id=8448 Nucleic Acids Another type of macromolecule But this one does not come directly from your diet Functions: stores your genetic information Provides instructions for making new cells Nucleic Acids Variety of Forms DNA RNA Subunits: Nucleic acids are made up of many parts called nucleotides. Nucleic Acids Recap: Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store genetic information. These nucleic acids are made up of smaller units called nucleotides. Monomers vs. Polymers Monomers: subunits Polymers: “many parts”; a string of monomers http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgWgLioazSo