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SECTION 2.3 = CARBON COMPOUNDS I. WHY CARBON? What makes carbon (C) the basis of all living things? Carbon has ______ valence electrons This means carbon (C) can bond with many elements including ___________________ (H), ________________(O), ____________________(P), ___________________ (S), and ____________________ (N). Carbon can also bond to other carbon atoms giving them the ability to make __________________________________________________ No other element has the ______________________ of carbon Why Carbon (continued) - more characteristics of carbon 1. 2. 3. Carbon-carbon bonds can be Draw: single Double triple Carbon compounds come in a _________________________________________ – like chains, __________ and ____________. II. MACROMOLECULES Carbon is good at making _______________________________, which are ___________________________________. Macromolecules are formed by joining ______________ numbers of ________________________ together. The small units are called _______________________________. The ___________________________ subunits may be identical or they may not be. The giant molecules are __________________________________. The process of connecting the little _________________into huge _________________ is called ________________________. There are 4 groups of organic macromolecules: 1. 2. 3. 4. III. CARBOHYDRATES Carbo = Hydrate = ______________ units, ratio is _________________________________________ Living things use carbohydrates as ____________________________________ ________________ and some _______________ also use carbohydrates for ______________________________________ The monomers (small subunits) that make up large carbohydrates are called __________________________________________ __________________________ are large carbohydrate macromolecules made up of ________________________________ monomers. Two of the most important and common monosaccharides are ______________________ and ______________________. Both have the _________________________ C 6 H 1 2 O 6 , but have different _________________________. IV. LIPIDS Common categories of lipids are: 1. 2. 3. Lipids can be used __________________________________________ Some lipids are important parts of ___________________________________ Lipids contain ______________________________________ Many lipids are formed when a ______________________ molecule combines with ____________________________ (see pg. 46 in text) Saturated fats are those that contain the _____________________________________ (think “saturated with H”). Another way of thinking about saturated fats is that Unsaturated fats are those that contain _____________________________________________________________ Polyunsaturated fats are those lipids with ________________________________________________ OIL Fat vs. Oil FAT IV. NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleic acids contain Nucleic acids are __________________________ assembled from small monomer units called ______________________________. • Nucleic acids store and transmit ______________________, or ____________________, information. • There are two kinds of nucleic acids: 1. 2. DNA and RNA have different ______________ molecules at their core (_________________________, _______________________). Structure pg. 47 IV. PROTEINS Proteins are macromolecules that contain polymers of ________________________________ There are more than _____________________________________________ that can be arranged in any order in a protein. See pg. 47 for amino acid structures. The varying part of amino acids is called the _________________________ Types of Proteins: 1. Some proteins control 2. Some are used to form __________________________________________ Others transport substances _____________ or ________________ cells or help to _____________________________ Carbon Compounds include