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GENETIC ABNORMALITIES Introduction to Biology A. Mutations: any change in the genetic code usually caused by an environmental factor 1. temperature 2. light 3. chemicals(x-ray,asbestos, UV rays, etc B. Gene Failure: gene is nonfunctional or stops working 1. PKU: lack of enzyme to breakdown amino acid phenylalinine 2. Diabetes: insulin production stops 3. Huntington’s Chorea: nerve deterioration 4. Cystic Fibrosis: pancreas fails to make enzymes needed to breakdown foods PKU Cystic Fibrosis C. Nondisjunction: failure to split normallyduring meiosis 1. Body Chromosomes a. Edward’s Syndrome: extra 18th b. Down’s Syndrome: extra 21st 2. Sex Chromosomes a. Turner’s Syndrome: X b. Klinefelter’s Syndrome: XXY c. Supermale: XYY d. Multi-X: XXX Down’s Syndrome Kleinfelter’s Syndrome Supermales