Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Protein structure prediction wikipedia , lookup
Protein purification wikipedia , lookup
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins wikipedia , lookup
Western blot wikipedia , lookup
Protein mass spectrometry wikipedia , lookup
Protein–protein interaction wikipedia , lookup
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Presentation by Tristan Vranizan History • TMV: the first virus to be discovered • Late 19th Century: Researchers found out that a tiny infectious agent was the cause of a disease that was killing tobacco plants. • Wendell Stanley coaxed the virus to form crystals and found out that it was mainly composed of proteins. • RNA (Ribonucleic acid) was also discovered in the virus Wendell Stanley >> Won Nobel prize for his study. Description of Molecule • TMV has one strand of RNA, shown in red. • RNA is wrapped with stacks of protein, shown in blue. • Protein Coat: 2,130 copies of a small protein stack on top of each other, spiraling downward. • RNA strand is encoded in four proteins, transporting the RNA from cell to cell and allowing the virus to spread. Infection • TMV is so stable it can survive in cigars for years made from infected tobacco leaves. • The coat of proteins, around the RNA strand, protect it from any enzymes trying to kill it. • But, in order for TMV to spread it has to release it’s coat of proteins for the RNA to enter a cell • The proteins, situated outside the cell, repel against each other. This allows the cell to release RNA back into the coat of proteins to spread again. Healthy tobacco leaf > < TMV infected leaf Assembly • Mixing RNA with capsid proteins creates a functional virus. • Two steps create this process • Step 1: Proteins form into a two-layer disk, RNA then fills the hole at the center causing the proteins to form into a ring, eventually covering the RNA. • Step 2: RNA is ensured to being packaged into viruses with its’ need for an initiation sequence. Structure • 17 subunits surround the RNA in red. • RNA is located in the grooves of the protein, wedged between them. • 3 nucleotides bind each protein subunit. Structure (continued) • The bright red dots are the acidic amino acids. • They help to break up the virus inside infected cells. Other plants with TMV Picture References • • • http://erec.ifas.ufl.edu/tomato-scouting-guide/images/diseases/tobacco-mosaic135.JPG http://erec.ifas.ufl.edu/tomato-scouting-guide/diseases/tobacco-mosaic-virus.shtml http://matyasciprian.hu/kepek/paprika_betegsegek/paprika_tmv_3.JPG