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Introductory Biochemistry
Instructor: Dr. David Shintani
Office: 311C Fleischmann Ag.
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: (775) 784-4631
How to be successful in this class
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come to class!!!
read ahead in the text
don’t fall behind
understand the material
memorize structures and pathways
study in groups
see me for help during office hours
What is Biochemistry?
• Biochemistry is the study of the
molecules and chemical reactions of life.
• The Biochemist uses physical and
chemical principles to explain biology at
the molecular level.
• Basic principles of biochemistry are
common to all living organism
What can we do with
biochemistry?
• Medicine
• Agriculture
• Industrial applications
• Environmental applications
Principle Areas of
Biochemistry
• Structural chemistry
• Metabolism
• Molecular Genetics
Origins of Biochemistry: A challenge to “Vitalism.”
• Vitalism: idea that substances and processes associated
with living organisms did not behave according to the
known laws of physics and chemistry
• 1828 - Friedrich Wohler synthesized urea from an
inorganic compound in a test tube.
• 1897 – Eduard and Hans Buchner showed that an extract
from killed yeast could convert glucose to ethanol in
vitro.
• Emil Fischer – proposed the idea of “enzymes” as
biological catalyst for chemical reactions. Proposed “lock
and key”
• 1926 – J.B. Sumner crystallized the protein urease
Organization of Life
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elements
simple organic compounds (monomers)
Macromolecules (polymers)
supramolecular structures
organelles
cells
tissues
organisms
Range of the
sizes of objects
studies by
Biochemist and
Biologist
1 angstrom = 0.1 nm
Elements of Life
Most abundant, essential for all organisms: C, N, O, P, S, H
Less abundant, essential for all organisms : Na, Mg, K, Ca, Cl
Trace levels, essential for all organism: Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn
Trace levels, essential for some organisms: V, Cr, Mo, B, Al, Ga, Sn, Si,
As, Se, I,
Important compounds, functional groups
Many Important Biomolecules are Polymers
monomer
lipids
proteins
carbo
nucleic acids
fatty acid
amino acid
glucose
nucleotide
protein subunit
cellulose
DNA
protein complex
cell wall
chromosome
polymer phospholipid
supramolecular
structure
membrane
Lipids
monomer
fatty acid
polymer phospholipid
supramolecular
structure
membrane
Proteins
monomer
amino acid
polymer protein subunit
supramolecular
structure protein complex
Carbohydrates
monomer glucose
polymer cellulose
supramolecular
structure cell wall
Nucleic Acids
monomer
nucleotide
polymer
DNA
supramolecular
structure
chromatin
Prokaryote Cell
Eukaryote Cell
Cellular Organization
of an E. coli Cell