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Transcript
Our Plan For Today Aim: We are going to learn about the structures of aldehydes and ketones and how to name them. • Recap on oxidation of alcohols • Aldehydes (alkanals) and Ketones (alkanones) • Naming aldehydes and ketones. Recap on Oxidation of Alcohols • Oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate. • The alcohol is oxidised to form an aldehyde which is a member of the alkanal homologus series. [O] ethanol + H2O ethanal Secondary Alcohols • Oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate. • When a secondary alcohol is oxidised a ketone is produced, they belong to the homologus series, the alkanones. [O] propan-2-ol + H2O propanone Tertiary Alcohols Tertiary alcohols are not readily oxidised Aldehydes - Alkanals carbonyl group butanal Aldehydes can be categorised by the presence of a C=O known as a carbonyl group. In an aldehyde the carbonyl group (C=O) is at the end of a carbon chain. They are a member of a homologus series called the alkanals, which ends in –anal. Naming Alkanals H CH3 H H O 5 4 3 2 1 H–C–C–C–C–C–H 4-methylpentanal H H H H Number your carbons from the carbonyl end. Name any branches Ketones - Alkanones H O H H H H – C – C – C – C – C- H H H H H For a ketone, the carbonyl group (C=O) is attached to two other carbon atoms and is found mid-chain. They are a member of a homologus series called the alkanones, which ends in –one. The position of the carbonyl group must be indicated in the name e.g pentan-2-one. Individual Tasks • Stick in both sheets of appendix 2.11 • Turn to page 21 of your work booklets and complete the tables for the straight chain alkanals and alkanones with up to 6 carbon atoms. • Exercise 2.5 on page 29 of your work booklets