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Psychological Aspects
of
Lord of the Flies
Sigmund Freud’s
Basic Elements of Personality
SUPEREGO
EGO
ID
ID
• Dominated by the PLEASURE
PRINCIPLE
• Demands immediate gratification of
desires regardless of undesirable effects
• Equated with the unconscious
• (“Id”)
EGO
• Dominated by the REALITY
PRINCIPLE
• Evolves from id
• Suppresses inappropriate desires
• (“Ego”)
SUPEREGO
• Dominated by morality, spirituality,
ethical principle
• Serves as the censor on the ego’s
functions
• Comprises the ideals derived from the
values of family and society
• The source of guilt and fear of
punishment
• (“Superego”)
Lawrence Kohlberg’s
Levels and Stages of Moral
Development
•
•
•
•
Preconventional Morality
Conventional Morality
Postconventional Morality
(“Kohlberg’s Levels and Stages”)
Preconventional Morality
Moral value resides in a person’s own needs and wants
• Stage 1
– Obedience and Punishment Orientation
– Moral judgment is motivated by a need to
avoid punishment
• Stage 2
– Instrumental-Relativist Orientation
– Moral judgment is motivated by a need to
satisfy own desires (“Kohlberg’s Levels and
Stages”)
Conventional Morality
Moral values reside in performing good or right roles, in
maintaining the convention order, and in pleasing others
• Stage 3
– “Good Boy/Girl” Orientation
– Moral judgment is motivated by a need to
avoid rejection or disapproval from others
• Stage 4
– Law and Order Orientation
– Moral judgment is motivated by a need to
not be criticized by a true authority figure
(“Kohlberg’s Levels and Stages”)
Postconventional Morality
• Stage 5
Moral values reside in principles.
– Legalistic Orientation
– Moral judgment is motivated by community
respect for all, respecting social order, and
living under legally determined law
• Stage 6
– Universal, Ethical Orientation
– Moral judgment is motivated by one’s own
conscience (“Kohlberg’s Levels and Stages”)
Simon
Piggy
Ralph
Jack/Roger
Works Cited
“Ego,” Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000
http://encarta.msn.com 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All
rights reserved.
“Id,” Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000
http://encarta.msn.com 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All
rights reserved.
“Superego,” Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000
http://encarta.msn.com 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All
rights reserved.
“Lawrence Kohlberg’s Levels and Stages of Moral Development.”
Pepperdine University. 28 September 2000
<http://gsep.pepperdine.edu/gsep/class/ethics/kohlberg/Stages_Mo
ral-Development.html>.