* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download WAVE MECHANICS AND QUANTUM NUMBERS
Many-worlds interpretation wikipedia , lookup
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy wikipedia , lookup
Quantum field theory wikipedia , lookup
Renormalization wikipedia , lookup
Coherent states wikipedia , lookup
Bohr–Einstein debates wikipedia , lookup
Spin (physics) wikipedia , lookup
Quantum machine learning wikipedia , lookup
Quantum entanglement wikipedia , lookup
Ferromagnetism wikipedia , lookup
Quantum key distribution wikipedia , lookup
Wave function wikipedia , lookup
Quantum group wikipedia , lookup
Path integral formulation wikipedia , lookup
Orchestrated objective reduction wikipedia , lookup
Quantum teleportation wikipedia , lookup
Copenhagen interpretation wikipedia , lookup
Bell's theorem wikipedia , lookup
Particle in a box wikipedia , lookup
Introduction to gauge theory wikipedia , lookup
Interpretations of quantum mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Canonical quantization wikipedia , lookup
Double-slit experiment wikipedia , lookup
History of quantum field theory wikipedia , lookup
Quantum state wikipedia , lookup
Relativistic quantum mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Quantum electrodynamics wikipedia , lookup
Symmetry in quantum mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Electron scattering wikipedia , lookup
EPR paradox wikipedia , lookup
Hidden variable theory wikipedia , lookup
Atomic theory wikipedia , lookup
Wave–particle duality wikipedia , lookup
Atomic orbital wikipedia , lookup
Matter wave wikipedia , lookup
Theoretical and experimental justification for the Schrödinger equation wikipedia , lookup
WAVE MECHANICS AND QUANTUM NUMBERS A. Electrons as Waves 1. Louis de Broglie 1924- electrons are considered waves confined to the space around a nucleus. 2. supported by the facts that electrons undergo diffraction and interference 3. Werner Heisenberg 1927- Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle: it is impossible to simultaneously identify the position and velocity of an electron, or any particle. 4. wave mechanics looks to suggest the locations of electrons 5. space orbital- highly probable location where an electron can be found 6. electron cloud- the size and shape of an atom as defined by the electron paths B. Quantum Theory- describes the wave properties of electrons in a mathematical fashion; it utilizes quantum numbers that describe the unique energy state of electrons. 1. Erwin Schrödinger 1926- used the new quantum theory to write and solve a mathematical equation describing the location and energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom. 2. Modern day quantum mechanical model comes from the math solutions to Schrödinger’s equations. It extended de Broglie’s work by considering the movement of a particle in an electromagnetic field. 3. Defined quantum numbers a. principal (n)- most probable distance from the nucleus; Set = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) with 1 being closest to the nucleus. Most general quantum number. b. angular momentum/orbital (l)- indicates the shape of the electron path; defined by values n – 1 for orbital within the energy level, so Set = (0, 1, 2, 3) corresponding to orbital shapes (s, p, d, f) The determines the possible shapes for that principal quantum number. c. magnetic (ml)- indicates the positions about the axes. For the shapes (s, p, d, f) get positions (1, 3, 5, 7) identified by values of l to –l so Set = (-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3). d. spin (ms)- identifies two fundamental spin states of an electron; Set = (+1/2 and -1/2), spin up and spin down. This is the most specific quantum number because all other identify a pair of electrons.