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Geometry, Frustration, and Exotic Order in Magnetic Systems
Geometry, Frustration, and Exotic Order in Magnetic Systems

- ERA - University of Alberta
- ERA - University of Alberta

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Relativistic effects in atomic and molecular properties

... Until the seventies of the 20th century it was generally accepted that for a description of the electronic structure of atoms and molecules and, therefore, for the whole chemistry and for the substantial part of physics, relativistic theory is not needed. According to Sheldon L. Glashow [1], Nobel P ...
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Correlations in multipartite systems: From entanglement to localization Julia Stasi ´nska

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Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 176, 384 (2008).

... change the underlying state, quantum mechanics allows for more complex behavior. In three-dimensional quantum systems the exchange of two identical particles may result in a sign-change of the wavefunction which distinguishes fermions from bosons. Two-dimensional quantum systems – such as electrons ...
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... If we suppose the infinite solenoid to be the limit of a long, but finite solenoid, we could imagine bringing charge q to, say, distance a from the axis at the center of the solenoid by starting it on the axis but well outside the solenoid, moving it along the axis to the center of the solenoid, and fi ...
Investigation of the magnetic and electronic structure
Investigation of the magnetic and electronic structure

... or FeStar produced by Saalfrank et al. (2001, 2006) attached from Takacs (2005). Fe: Green; O: Red; C: Black; N: Blue; H: White. . . . . . . . . . XAS and XMCD analysis on Fe4 . Absorption spectra (white dots: µ+ ; black dots: µ− ) and dichroic signal (black solid line) at T = 0.75 K and B = 3.0 T, ...
Optical spectroscopy on silicon vacancy defects in silicon carbide
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Spin-Injection into GaAs using ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As contacts
Spin-Injection into GaAs using ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As contacts

1 2 3 4 5 ... 94 >

Spin (physics)

In quantum mechanics and particle physics, spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, composite particles (hadrons), and atomic nuclei.Spin is one of two types of angular momentum in quantum mechanics, the other being orbital angular momentum. The orbital angular momentum operator is the quantum-mechanical counterpart to the classical notion of angular momentum: it arises when a particle executes a rotating or twisting trajectory (such as when an electron orbits a nucleus). The existence of spin angular momentum is inferred from experiments, such as the Stern–Gerlach experiment, in which particles are observed to possess angular momentum that cannot be accounted for by orbital angular momentum alone.In some ways, spin is like a vector quantity; it has a definite magnitude, and it has a ""direction"" (but quantization makes this ""direction"" different from the direction of an ordinary vector). All elementary particles of a given kind have the same magnitude of spin angular momentum, which is indicated by assigning the particle a spin quantum number.The SI unit of spin is the joule-second, just as with classical angular momentum. In practice, however, it is written as a multiple of the reduced Planck constant ħ, usually in natural units, where the ħ is omitted, resulting in a unitless number. Spin quantum numbers are unitless numbers by definition.When combined with the spin-statistics theorem, the spin of electrons results in the Pauli exclusion principle, which in turn underlies the periodic table of chemical elements.Wolfgang Pauli was the first to propose the concept of spin, but he did not name it. In 1925, Ralph Kronig, George Uhlenbeck and Samuel Goudsmit at Leiden University suggested a physical interpretation of particles spinning around their own axis. The mathematical theory was worked out in depth by Pauli in 1927. When Paul Dirac derived his relativistic quantum mechanics in 1928, electron spin was an essential part of it.
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