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Unit 5 Warm Ups
Mrs. Hilliard
Vocabulary
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CommensalismMutualismPredationCompetition- interaction between organisms or
species in which resources or space is limited
and organisms that are most fit (better adapted
or stronger) are able to fight off the weaker
species or organism.
Parasitism
Thigmotropism
Geotropism/ Gravitropism
Phototropism
Biotic
Abiotic
Primary Succession- changes in the
environment in areas that are barren of life
because they lack soil.
Secondary Succession- changes in the
environment occurs in habitats that have been
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partially or completely destroyed (areas that
have soil).
Climax community- Final stage of succession,
most stable, steady state (equilibrium), best
adapted to environmental conditions.
Pioneer species- species which are the first to
colonize an ecosystems (ex: lichen/moss).
Greenhouse effect
Pesticide- substances meant for
destroying/killing any pest, typically sprayed on
plants.
Herbicide- (weedkillers) are pesticides used to
kill unwanted plants (round-up).
Renewable resource- organic natural resource
that can replenish in time such as wind or solar
energy, water, plants (trees), fish.
Nonrenewable resource- resources that form at
a rate that is much slower than the rate at which
they are consumed such as fossil fuels (coal, oil,
natural gas).
Vocabulary
Write word and definition to study
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Commensalism- relationship between two organisms in
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which one benefits and one is unaffected.
Mutualism- a relationship between two species in which
both species benefit.
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Predation- an interaction between two organisms in which
one organism, the predator, kills and feeds on the other
organism, the prey.
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Competition- interaction between organisms or species in
which resources or space is limited and organisms that are 15.
most fit (better adapted or stronger) are able to fight off the
weaker species or organism.
Parasitism- a relationship between two species in which
one species, the parasite, benefits from the other species, 16.
the host, which is harmed.
Thigmotropism- a response of an organism or part of an
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organism to touch.
Geotropism/ Gravitropism- the growth of a plant in a
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particular direction in response to gravity.
Phototropism- a plant growth movement that occurs in
response to the direction of a source of light.
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Biotic- living factors in the environment.
Abiotic- nonliving factors in the environment.
Primary Succession- changes in the environment in areas
that are barren of life because they lack soil.
Secondary Succession- changes in the environment occurs
in habitats that have been partially or completely destroyed
(areas that have soil).
Climax community- Final stage of succession, most stable,
steady state (equilibrium), best adapted to environmental
conditions.
Pioneer species- species which are the first to colonize an
ecosystems (ex: lichen/moss).
Greenhouse effect- the warming of the surface and lower
atmosphere of Earth that occurs when carbon dioxide,
water vapor, and other gasses in the air absorb and
reradiate infrared radiation.
Pesticide- substances meant for destroying/killing any pest,
typically sprayed on plants.
Herbicide- (weedkillers) are pesticides used to kill unwanted
plants (round-up).
Renewable resource- organic natural resource that can
replenish in time such as wind or solar energy, water, plants
(trees), fish.
Nonrenewable resource- resources that form at a rate that
is much slower than the rate at which they are consumed
such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas).
Biomes and Adaptations
1. What are the two most important factors
that determine where an ecosystem occurs?
2. What is an adaptation that a plant in the
desert would have?
3. What is an adaptation that a plant in the
tundra would have?
4. An anatomical, physiological, or behavioral
change that improves an organisms ability
to survive its environment is called what?
5. What is a large geographical area with
similar climate and a distinctive community
of organisms called?
6. Organisms that are adapted to cold, wet
weather with little vegetation and cool
summers would be found in which biome?
Biomes and Adaptations
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What are the two most important factors that
determine where an ecosystem occurs? Temperature
and precipitation
What is an adaptation that a plant in the desert would
have? Flowers open at night, deep root system,
modified leaves (spines), succulents (store water)
What is an adaptation that a plant in the tundra would
have? Less than 12” in height, grow in clumps, dark
colored
An anatomical, physiological, or behavioral change that
improves an organisms ability to survive its
environment is called what? Adaptation
What is a large geographical area with similar climate
and a distinctive community of organisms called?
Biome
Organisms that are adapted to cold, wet weather with
little vegetation and cool summers would be found in
which biome? Tundra/ taiga
Biomes
7. How does biodiversity change
among the different biomes?
8. In which biome would large
herbivores that are adapted to
very warm temperatures year
round, wet and dry seasons, and
fires be found?
9. Where would you find a tropical
rain forest?
Biomes
7. How does biodiversity change among the
different biomes? Extreme environments
with very cold or hot temperatures, or little
rainfall have less biodiversity. Few
organisms have adapted to harsh
conditions.
8. In which biome would large herbivores that
are adapted to very warm temperatures
year round, wet and dry seasons, and fires
be found? Savanna/ Grasslands
9. Where would you find a tropical rain forest?
South America, Near equator, Hawaii
Relationships
10.Which type of relationship is where both
organisms benefit?
11.Give an example of commensalism.
12.List an example of mutualism.
13.Give an example of Competition
14.Describe Predation.
15.What is Parasitism? Give an example.
Relationships
10. Which type of relationship is where both organisms benefit? Mutualism
11. Give an example of commensalism. Egret birds that follow cattle and eat
insects that cattle stir up. Remora Sharks hitch a ride on whales and
whatever the whale doesn’t eat or is left behind, the shark eats.
Barnacles that attach to whales or shell of a mollusk which helps
barnacle by having habitat where food available and whale not harmed.
12. List an example of mutualism. Fish that clean a shark and remove
parasites
13. Give an example of Competition. Two organisms fighting over resources
such as food and space or mating. Deer competing over food with each
other or with rabbits.
14. Describe Predation. One organism kills another (one benefits, other dies)
Such as a Human killing a fish or cattle for food.
15. What is Parasitism? Give an example. One organisms benefits and other
is harmed. Tapeworms, pinworms infect the body and reproduce.
Tropism
16.What is the reason plants that
exhibit thigmotropism wrap
around larger trees or vines?
17.What is gravitropism?
18.What is phototropism?
Thigmotropism
16.What is the reason plants that exhibit
thigmotropism wrap around larger trees or
vines?Allows the vines to reach sunlight and
maximize photosynthesis
17.What is gravitropism? The growth of a plant
in a particular direction in response to gravity.
18.What is phototropism? A plant growth
movement that occurs in response to the
direction of a source of light.
Succession/Biomes
19. What determines the kinds of species that live in certain
areas?
20. In biomes where precipitation is low, how have most
organisms adapted?
21. During the great depression many farmers lost their farms and
the fields were abandoned and then grew back into forests.
What does this represent?
22. What is shown in the photo below?
Succession/Biomes
19. What determines the kinds of species that live in certain
areas? Climate
20. In biomes where precipitation is low, how have most
organisms adapted? Conserve Water
21. During the great depression many farmers lost their farms and
the fields were abandoned and then grew back into forests.
What does this represent? Secondary Succession
22. What is shown in the photo below? Primary Succession
Adaptations
23. From the food web below, what causes
changes in the rabbit population?
24. What would cause a huge drop in the number
of deer in a population?
25. The chart below shows predator/prey
relationships. What is the reason that the
predator numbers are higher when prey
numbers are lower?
26. If you sprayed a pesticide on a field to kill
aphids but some of the aphids survived and
passed on their traits to their offspring, the
process that enables the aphids to survive
their initial exposure is called what?
Adaptations
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From the food web below, what causes changes in the
rabbit population? Amount of grass available, number
eagles
What would cause a huge drop in the number of deer in a
population? Diseases, low food supply, overpopulation
The chart below shows predator/prey relationships. What
is the reason that the predator numbers are higher when
prey numbers are lower? Predator #s increase due to
higher prey (food) #s
If you sprayed a pesticide on a field to kill aphids but
some of the aphids survived and passed on their traits to
their offspring, the process that enables the aphids to
survive their initial exposure is called what?
Natural selection
Adaptations
27. Name an adaptation that trees have.
28. Name an adaptation that snakes have.
29. From the food web, describe an example of commensalism,
predation, and competition.
30. Which organism from the food web has the least amount
of energy?
31. Name a decomposer.
32. Animals that feed on plants are in at least what trophic
level?
33. Plants and other autotrophs would be found in which
trophic level?
34. What would the phytoplankton be considered in the
marine food web?
35. What are the cod considered from the marine food web?
Adaptations
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Name an adaptation that trees have. Lose their leaves in the fall so
they hold as much water as possible.
Name an adaptation that snakes have. Hibernate during winter to keep
from dying or estivate during summer when it is too hot or dry.
From the food web, describe an example of commensalism, predation,
and competition. Commensalism- squirrel and tree, predation- hawk
and squirrel/rabbit/small bird, competition- squirrel and deer
Which organism from the food web has the least amount of energy?
The Hawk, owl, or fox
Name a decomposer. Fungi, bacteria, worm
Animals that feed on plants are in at least what trophic level? Second
trophic level
Plants and other autotrophs would be found in which trophic level?
First trophic level
What would the phytoplankton be considered in the marine food web?
Producer, autotroph
What are the cod considered from the marine food web? Consumers,
Omnivore
Food Webs
36. At what trophic levels does the Leopard Seal eat at?
37. What type of consumer would the cod be?
38. Animals that feed on plant eaters would be at which trophic
level?
39. Where does the energy come from on Earth?
40. Where do organisms that are not autotrophs get their
energy?
41. What causes the greatest loss of biodiversity in an
ecosystem?
42. Why are all of the nutrient cycles important?
Nutrients and Human
Impacts
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What is the most stable community in succession?
Why is deforestation such an issue?
From the picture, Why does the existence of animals, and their
ability to make proteins, depend upon soil bacteria in the
nitrogen cycle?
What is the types of organisms that would begin to grow if a
volcano erupted and it started succession over?
What does the graph below show?
Populations
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Population Growth Over
Time
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Which is the BEST explanation for the change in the deer
population between years 16 and 18?
Give an example of a population.
As a population reaches its carrying capacity, resources become
more scarce. Which of the following would increase within the
population?
How have vaccines contributed to human population growth?
The human population began to grow exponentially during the
middle of the 1700s due to what?
Based on the population growth chart, where is there
exponential growth?
Where on the chart are birth and death rates equal?