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DNA & CELL DIVISION Structure and Function of DNA Chromatin and Chromosome Role of Cell Division STRUCTURE OF DNA structure of DNA allows it to carry the genetic information for all different organisms DNA is a molecule arranged in a double helix with two backbones linked by bases order of the bases determines the genetic code STRUCTURE OF DNA FUNCTION OF DNA gives the directions to the cell directs cell growth, cell death, responses to changes in the environment and message to other cells CHROMATIN long strands of DNA found in the nucleus CHROMOSOMES tightly coiled packages of DNA contain DNA and proteins found during cell division carry genes (small sections of DNA that give information about a specific trait or feature) CHROMOSOMES different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes humans have 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes each kind of organism had a different number of chromosomes, a different set of genetic information, all composed of the same chemical, DNA Organism Number of Chromosomes dog 78 mouse 40 human 46 FUNCTION OF CELL DIVISION Healing and Tissue Repair cells need to be replaced as they are damaged or die prevents death of the organism Growth increase the number of cells an organism has as the number of cells in an organism increases, so does the size of the organism Reproduction of Organisms reproduction allows a species to continue to exist in future generations in unicellular organisms creates two new organisms used in reproduction of asexual organisms CELL DIVISION IN DIFFERENT TISSUES every cell does not reproduce at the same rate or have the same lifespan some cells reproduce often and quickly, like red blood cells other cells, like liver and brain cells rarely divide Type of Cell red blood cell white blood cell platelets stomach cell brain cell Lifespan 120 days 1 day to 10 years 6 days 2 days lifetime