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CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER How Cells Function the BIG idea All cells need energy and materials for life processes. 2.1 Chemical reactions take place inside cells. 2.2 Cells capture and release energy. 2.3 Materials move across the cell’s membranes. CHAPTER OUTLINE 2.1 CHAPTER HOME KEY CONCEPT Chemical reactions take place inside cells. VOCABULARY All cells are made of the same elements. Cells contain four types of large molecules— carbohydrates, chemical reaction carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid carbohydrates SECTION OUTLINE 2.1 CHAPTER HOME KEY CONCEPT Chemical reactions take place inside cells. VOCABULARY All cells are made of the same elements. Cells contain four types of large molecules— carbohydrates, lipids chemical reaction carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid lipids SECTION OUTLINE 2.1 CHAPTER HOME KEY CONCEPT Chemical reactions take place inside cells. VOCABULARY All cells are made of the same elements. Cells contain four types of large molecules— carbohydrates, lipids, proteins chemical reaction carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid proteins SECTION OUTLINE 2.1 CHAPTER HOME KEY CONCEPT Chemical reactions take place inside cells. VOCABULARY All cells are made of the same elements. Cells contain four types of large molecules— carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids—that support cell function. About two thirds of every cell is water. The properties of water are important to cell function. nucleic acids chemical reaction carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid SECTION OUTLINE 2.2 CHAPTER HOME KEY CONCEPT Cells capture and release energy. All cells need energy. Some cells capture light energy through photosynthesis. All cells release chemical energy from glucose. Cellular respiration and fermentation are two ways that cells release energy from glucose. Light Energy chemical energy glucose photosynthesis chlorophyll cellular respiration Cellular Respiration water VOCABULARY glucose fermentation oxygen Photosynthesis carbon dioxide Chemical Energy SECTION OUTLINE 2.3 CHAPTER HOME KEY CONCEPT Materials move across the cell’s membranes. Passive transport is the movement of materials from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion and osmosis are examples of passive transport. VOCABULARY diffusion passive transport osmosis active transport Equal amounts of oxygen move into and out of the cell. SECTION OUTLINE 2.3 CHAPTER HOME KEY CONCEPT Materials move across the cell’s membranes. Passive transport is the movement of materials from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion and osmosis are examples of passive transport. Active transport is the movement of materials from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Cells need energy to perform active transport. VOCABULARY diffusion passive transport osmosis active transport energy salt inside cell SECTION OUTLINE 2.1 CHAPTER HOME KEY CONCEPT Chemical reactions take place inside cells. I. Chemical reactions take place inside cells. A. All cells are made of the same elements. B. Large molecules support cell function. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids VOCABULARY chemical reaction carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids C. About two thirds of every cell is water. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY 2.2 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Cells capture and release energy. II. Cells capture and release energy. A. All cells need energy. VOCABULARY chemical energy glucose B. Some cells capture light energy. photosynthesis C. All cells release energy. 1. Cellular Respiration 2. Fermentation chlorophyll cellular respiration fermentation 3. Energy and Exercise KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY 2.3 KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME Materials move across the cell’s membranes. III. Materials move across the cell’s membranes. A. Some materials move by diffusion. VOCABULARY diffusion passive transport 1. Concentration osmosis 2. Diffusion in Cells active transport 3. Osmosis B. Some transport requires energy. 1. Active Transport 2. Endocytosis 3. Exocytosis C. Cell size affects transport. KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY
