Download Physics - Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Agra

DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
Course Structure for M.Sc. (Physics) under
Semester System to come into force from
Academic Session 2013-14.
M.Sc. (PHYSICS)
SEMESTER SYSTEM
PAGE 1
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE
This is a two years (4 semesters) course. There will be four theory papers and one
practical with maximum marks 400 in each semester. The details are given below:
FIRST SEMESTER
400 Marks
Paper-101 Mathematical Physics I
075 Marks
Paper-102 Classical mechanics
075 Marks
Paper-103 Statistical Mechanics
075 Marks
Paper-104 Electromagnetic Theory
075 Marks
Paper-105 Practical:-
100 Marks
(a) Practical
60 Marks
(b) Record
20 Marks
(c) Viva-Voce
20 Marks
First Semester Total
==========
400 Marks
PAGE 2
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE
SECOND SEMESTER
400 Marks
Paper-201 Mathematical Physics II
075 Marks
Paper-202 Quantum Mechanics I
075 Marks
Paper-203 Atomic and Molecular spectra
075 Marks
Paper-204 Electrodynamics and plasma Physics
075 Marks
Paper-205 Practical:-
100 Marks
(a) Practical
60 Marks
(b) Record
20 Marks
(c) Viva-Voce
20 Marks
Second Semester Total
==========
400 Marks
PAGE 3
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE
THIRD SEMESTER
400 Marks
Paper-301 Quantum Mechanics II
075 Marks
Paper-302 Nuclear Physics I
075 Marks
Paper-303 Solid State Physics
075 Marks
Paper-304 Basic Electronics and devices
075 Marks
Paper-305 Practical:-
100 Marks
(a) Practical
60 Marks
(b) Record
20 Marks
(c) Viva-Voce
20 Marks
Third Semester Total
==========
400 Marks
PAGE 4
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
SEMESTER COURSE STRUCTURE
FOURTH SEMESTER
400 Marks
Paper-401 Numerical Methods in Physics
075 Marks
Paper-402 Nuclear Physics II
075 Marks
Paper-403 (Optional Group A-i) Condensed Matter Physics I
Paper-404 (Optional Group A-ii) Condensed Matter Physics II
}
075 Marks
075 Marks
OR
Paper-403 (Optional Group B-i) Electronics I
}
075 Marks
Paper-404 (Optional Group B-ii) Electronics II
075 Marks
Paper-405 Practical:-
100 Marks
(a) Practical
60 Marks
(b) Record
20 Marks
(c) Viva-Voce
20 Marks
Fourth Semester Total
GRAND TOTAL ( I+II+III+IV SEMESTER)
==========
400 Marks
1600 Marks
PAGE 5
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
*Note:
Courses PH-403(A-i) and PH-404(A-ii) are for specialization in Condensed matter Physics
Courses PH-405(B-i) and 406(B-ii) are for specialization in Electronics
PAGE 6
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
M.SC. (PHYSICS)
RULES & REGULATION
• Each practical performance will be of 100 marks.
• Passing marks in individual theory as well as practicals be 40%, overall the Total
aggregate of the candidate should be 45% in each semester.
• The entire course of M.Sc. (Physics) will be of 1600 marks. So every semester will be of
400 marks.
• Each theory paper will be of 075 Marks.
• Practical Paper will be of 100 Marks.
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DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
FIRST SEMESTER
PAPER-101
Mathematical Physics I
MAX. MARKS: 075
Unit – I
Fundamental laws of Algebra on complex numbers, polar form of complex numbers, Regions
in the complex plane, Analytic (regular) functions, The Cauchy-Riemann equations, Harmonic
functions.
Unit – II
Line integral in complex plane, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor’s and
Laurent’s expansions, singularities, Zeroes and poles, Residue theorem and countour
integration of simple functions.
Unit – III
Power series, solution of second order differential equations, ordinary point and singularities
of a linear differential equation, Solutions of Hyper- geometric, Bessel, Legendre, Laguerre
and Hermite equations.
Unit – IV
Bessel and Legendre functions and polynomials, Rodrigue’s formula for Legendre polynomial
Orthonrmality and other properties of Legendre, Associated Legendre, Hermit, Laguerre and
Associated Lagurre polynomials.
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DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
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Books Recommended
1. Matrices and tensors for physicists by A.W. Joshi , Wiley Eastern.
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig
3. Introduction methods of numerical analysis by Sastry
4. Mathematical Physics: PC Chattopadhyay, Wiley Eastern
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DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
FIRST SEMESTER
PAPER -102
Classical Mechanics
MAX. MARKS: 075
UNIT I
Mechanics of a system of particles, Constraints, Generalized coordinates D’Alembert’s
principle, Lagrangian formulation and equations of motion, velocity dependent potential,
dissipative systems, symmetry, invariance and conservation laws.
UNIT II
Two body central force problem, stability of orbits, two body collisions, scattering in
laboratory and centre of mass frame; Rigid body dynamics, moment of inertia tensor, Euler
angles, Non inertial frames and pseudo forces, Coriolis force and applications.
UNIT III
Calculus of variations and its applications, Hamilton’s principle and Principle of least action,
Hamilton’s equations of motion; Canonical transformations, Poisson brackets, Infinite
canonical transformations in Poisson bracket notation.
UNIT IV
Hamilton Jacobi equations, action angle variables; Periodic motion, Theory of small
oscillations and normal modes.
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DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
Books Recommended
1. Classical Mechanics: H. Goldstein, Narosa Publishing Home, New Delhi
2. Classical Mechanics: N.C. Rana and P.S. Joag, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.
3. Classical Mechanics: J.C. Upadhyay, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
4. Classical Mechanics: R.G. Takawale and PS Puranik, Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.
PAGE 11
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
FIRST SEMESTER
-103
PAPER
PAPER-103
Statistical Mechanics
MAX. MARKS: 075
UNIT I
Specification of the state of a system, macroscopic and microscopic states, phase space,
statistical ensemble, postulate of equal a priori probability, density of states, Liouville’s
theorem, Distribution of energy between systems in equilibrium, Boltzman equation,
equilibrium between interacting systems.
UNIT II
Micro canonical ensemble, ideal mono atomic gas, entropy of mixing, Gibb’s paradox,
canonical ensemble, applications, partition function, calculation of mean value and
fluctuations in canonical ensembles, connection with thermodynamics, Grand canonical
ensemble, Chemical potential in equilibrium state, Mean value and fluctuations in grand
canonical ensemble.:
UNIT III
Quantum Statistics of ideal gases, Symmetry of wave functions, Quantum distribution
functions, Boltzmann limit of Boson and Fermion gases, evaluation of partition function,
Bose Einstein statistics, Photon gas, Black body radiation, Planck’s law, Ideal Bose system, B.E.
condensation. Ideal Fermi systems, Fermi energy, Fermi energy as a function of temperature,
electronic specific heat of solids.
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DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
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UNIT IV
Random walk and Brownian motion, Introduction to non equilibrium processes, Diffusion
equation; First and second order phase transitions, para and ferromagnetism, Ising model.
Books Recommended
1. Fundamentals of statistical and thermal Physics: F.Reif, Mc. Graw Hill.
2. Statistical Mechanics: R.K. Patharia , Befferworgh Heinemann.
3. Statistical Mechanics: K. Huang, John Wiley & sons.
4. Statistical Mechanics: Satya Prakash, RamNath Publications.
5. Statistical Mechanics by R.K. Kubo
PAGE 13
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
FIRST SEMESTER
PAPER-104
Electromagnetic Theory
MAX. MARKS: 075
UNIT I
Maxwell’s equations in vacuum and dielectrics, Maxwell’s correction to Ampere’s law,
displacement
current,
Boundary
conditions,
Poynting
theorem,
Poynting
vector,
Conservation of energy and momentum for a system of charged particles and
electromagnetic field.
UNIT II
Scalar and vector potentials, Maxwell’s equations in terms of scalar and vector potentials,
Electromagnetic wave equation, non uniqueness of electromagnetic potentials, concept of
Gauge and gauge transformations, Coulomb and Lorentz gauge, Transformation properties
of e.m. fields under rotation, spatial reflections and time reversal.
UNIT III
Plane waves in vacuum, non conducting medium, conducting medium and Plasma, Reflection,
refraction and polarization of electromagnetic waves, Stoke’s parameter, Frequency
dispersion characteristics of dielectrics and conductors, Normal and anomalous dispersion,
spreading of pulse in a dispersive media, Kramer- Kronig relation.
UNIT IV
Propagation of electromagnetic waves in rectangular wave guides, TE and TM modes, cut off
frequency, Energy flow and attenuation, Modal analysis of guided waves in a cylindrical wave
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DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
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guide, field and radiation due to moving charges and oscillating dipole, magnetic dipole and
electric quadrupole fields.
Books Recommended
1. Classical electrodynamics, JD Jackson, 3rd Ed. , John Wiley
2. Classical Electricity and Magnetism, Panofsky and Phillips, Addison Wesley
3. Electrodynamics, DJ Griffith 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
4. Introduction to Electrodynamics, AZ Capri and PV Panat, Narosa Publishing House.
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DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
FIRST SEMESTER
PAPER-105
PRACTICAL
MAX. MARKS: 100
(a) Practical
60 Marks
(b) Record
20 Marks
(c) Viva-Voce
20 Marks
1. Viscosity of fluid by rotation viscometer.
2. Velocity of Ultrasonic waves in a liquid.
3. Thickness of mica sheet by Biprism.
4. Verification of Fresnel’s laws.
5. B.H. curve and hysteresis loss by Ballistic Galvanometer
6. λ by Michelson interferometer
7. LCR oscillation at high frequency.
8. Study of active filter (L section Π section)
9. Use of universal gates to make AND, OR, NOT gates.
10. Verification of Chauchy’s relation
PAGE 16
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
SECOND SEMESTER
PAPER-201
Mathematical Physics-II
MAX. MARKS: 075
Unit – I
Partial differential equations, Lagrange’s linear equation, Method of multipliers, Solutions of
Laplace, Poisson, Diffusion and wave equations.
Unit – II
Inhomogeneous equations, Green’s function for a free particle, Fourier series, Fourier
integral, Fourier sine, cosine and complex transforms, Applications to boundary value
problems, Fundamental properties of Beta and Gamma functions.
Unit – III
Binary operation, Definitions of Group, Semi-Group and Abelian group, Multiplicationtable,
Equivalence class, Conjugate elements and classes, Invariant subgroups, Permutation group,
Cyclic group, Cosets of a subgroup, finite and infinite group, Period of the group.
Unit – IV
Similarity transformations, Representation Character of Trace of the group, Schur’s Lemma
and the Orthgonality theorem, Examples of C2v, Regular representation, Symmetriesed basis
functions for irreducible representation, Direct product of representation. Applications to
simple vibrational problems.
PAGE 17
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
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Books Recommended
1. Elements of Group Theory for Phycisicists : AW Joshi,Wiley eastern
2.Group Theory and Quantum Mechanics: M Tinkham : TMH
3. Special Functions by WW Bell
4. Mathematics for Physicists : Mary L Boas
5. Mathematical Methods for Physics : G Arfken
PAGE 18
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
SECOND SEMESTER
PAPER-202
Quantum Mechanics-I
MAX. MARKS: 075
Unit I
Linear operators, Null operator, Identity operator, Singular and Non singular operator, Eigen
functions and Eigen values, orthogonal Eigen functions, The operator formalism in quantum
mechanics, Momentum operator, Hamiltonian operator, communication in operators,
Hermition operator, properties of Hermittion operator, Parity operator.
Unit II
Postulates of quantum mechanics coordinate and momentum representation, superposition
of Eigen states, continuous spectra, equation of motion, Ehrenfest’s theorem, simultaneous
measurements and communiting operator, Schwartz inequality.
Unit III
Heisenberg uncertainty relation derived from operator, commutator algebra, Angular
momentum operator, Commutation relation for Lx, Ly and Lz, Ladder operators.
Completeness of Eigen functions, Dirac delta function, bra and ket notation, Matrix
representation of operator, unitary transformation. The Schrödinger equation for spherically
symmetric potentials, Degeneracy, Hydrogen atom, radial equation, Eigen value, Radial
probability.
Unit IV
Stationary perturbation theory, Non-degenerate case, First order perturbation, second order
perturbation, perturbation of an oscillator, helium atom, Degenerate case, Removal of
PAGE 19
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
degeneracy in first and second order, First order Stark effect in hydrogen, weak field Zeeman
effect. The variatonal method, expectation value of the energy, Ground state of Helium,
Exchange degeneracy, Heitler-London theory of hydrogen molecule. WKB method and its
application.
Books Recommended
1. Quantum Mechanics : LI Schiff , McGraw Hill
2.Quantum Mechanics: Mathews and Venkatesan
3. Quantum Mechanics , Ghatak and Loknathan
4. Quantum Mechanics, Merzbacker
5. Quantum Mechanics AP Messiah
PAGE 20
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
SECOND SEMESTER
PAPER-203
Atomic and Molecular Spectra
MAX. MARKS: 075
Unit I
Quantum states of an electron in atom, Electron spin, spectrum of Hydrogen and helium
atom, Relativistic corrections for energy levels for hydrogen, spectra of alkali elements, spin
orbit interaction and fine structure in alkali spectra, magnetic moment of an atom, lande g
factor, L-S and J-J coupling, spectra of alkaline earth, penetrating and non-penetrating orbits.
Unit II
Normal and anomalous Zeeman Effect, Paschan Back effect, stark effect, Hyperfine structure
and isotropic shift, electron spin resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance.
Unit III
Rotational spectra of diatomic molecules as a rigid and non rigid rotator, vibrational spectra,
explanation considering molecule as harmonic and anharmonic oscillator, Rotationalvibrational spectra.
Unit IV
Raman spectra, experimental arrangement, Quantum theory of Raman Effect, Pure
rotational raman spectra of diatomic molecules , stokes and antistokes lines, X-ray spectra,
Mosely Law, Fine structure in X-ray emission spectra
PAGE 21
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
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Books Recommended
1. Introduction to atomic spectra H. E. white
2. Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy C. B. Banwell(T)
3. Spectroscopy Vol . I.II & III- Walker and Straughen
4. Introduction of molecular spectroscopy G.h. Barrow
5. Spectra of diatomic molacules :Herzberg
6. Modern spectroscopy J. M. Holias
PAGE 22
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
SECOND SEMESTER
PAPER-204
Electrodynamics and Plasma Physics
MAX. MARKS: 075
Unit I
Relativistic Electrodynamics: Structure of space and time, Four vectors, proper time and
velocity, relativistic dynamics, Minkowski force, Lorentz transformation of electromagnetic
field, e.m. field tensor, electrodynamics in tensor notation, potential formulation of
relativistic electrodynamics.
Unit II
Retarded and advanced potentials, Lienard- Wiechart potentials for moving charge, fields
produced by a charge in uniform and accelerated motion, Radiated power, angular
distribution of radiation due to accelerated charge, Brehmstrahlung, synchrotron radiation.
Unit III
Multipole expansion of electromagnetic fields, properties of multipole fields, energy and
angular momentum of multipole radiation, radiation damping, radiative reaction force and
its derivation, scattering by free and bound electrons, Rayleigh scattering.
Unit IV
Definition of plasma, concept of temperature, Debye shielding, criteria for plasma, single
particle motion in E and B fields, magnetic mirrors and plasma confinement, plasma as a fluid,
the fluid equation of motion, Plasma frequency ωp, electron plasma waves, ion waves,
electron and ion oscillations, cutoffs and resonance.
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DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
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Books Recommended
1. Electrdynamics, JD Jackson, John Wiley
2. Electrodynamics, DJ Griffith, Prentice Hall of India
3. Introduction to Plasma Physics: Francis F. Chen
4. Plasma Physics,: S.N. Sen
PAGE 24
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
SECOND SEMESTER
PAPER-205
PRACTICAL
MAX. MARKS: 100
(a) Practical
60 Marks
(b) Record
20 Marks
(c) Viva-Voce
20 Marks
1. e/m by Zeeman Effect.
2. Analysis of elliptically polarized light by Babinet Compensator.
3. Absorption spectra by constant deviation spectrometer
4. Hall constants
5. Study of regulated power supply.
6. Study of multivibrators.
7. Study of filters (Low pass, high pass, band pass, band rejection)
8. Verification of Hartmann’s relation
9. Stefan’s constant
10. Magnetic susceptibility measurement
PAGE 25
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
THIRD SEMESTER
PAPER- 301
Quantum Mechanics-II
MAX. MARKS: 075
Unit I
Scattering theory and time dependent perturbation, scattering cross-section, relation
between angles, energies etc. in laboratory and center of mass system of coordinates,
Normalization of incoming wave, Differential scattering cross section. Partial wave and phase
shifts, optical theorem, Born approximation and its validity condition, study of scattering
from a square well potential and a rigid sphere.
Unit II
Transition probability, Density of continuous states. Golden rule, harmonic perturbation,
second order perturbation, Identical particles, Physical meaning of identity, Distinguishability
of identical particles, Symmetric and Antisymmetric wave function, Construction from
unsymmetrised function, Connection of spin and statistics, collision of identical particles with
spin, Pauli spin matrices.
Unit III
Schrödinger relativistic equation for free particles (Klein-Gorden equation), Dirac relativistic
equation, Free particle equation, Properties of Dirac matrices, Free particles solutions,
Electron spin, Magnetic moment, Dirac equation of central field of force, Spin-orbital
coupling, solution for hydrogen atom, Negative energy states.
Unit IV
PAGE 26
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
Quantum theory of radiation, Formulation in terms of transition probability, Matrix elements
of the perturbation, Transition probability for absorption, Transition probability for emission,
Einstein coefficients. Angular momentum, Integral and Half integral angular momentum spin
eigen functions, Conservation rules, Coupling of two angular momenta, Clebsch-Gordon
coefficients.
Books Recommended
1. Quantum Mechanics : LI Schiff, McGraw Hill
2. Modern Quantum Mechanics, JJ Sakurai,Addison Wesley
3. Quantum Mechanics, DJ Griffith, Pearson Education
4. Quantum Mechanics Vol I and II, Cohen Tannoudji, John Wiley.
PAGE 27
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
THIRD SEMESTER
PAPER -302 Nuclear Physics – I
MAX. MARKS: 075
Unit – I
Basic facts about nuclei, Mass and binding energy, Semi-empirical mass formula, Nuclear size
determination using mu-mesic X-rays and scattering of fast electrons, Nuclear spin and
magnetic moment of nuclei, Molecular beam resonance method, Nuclear resonance
absorption and induction method, Electric quadruple moment
Unit – II
Alpha decay, Experimental results on alpha decay-Alpha spectra and Geiger- Nutall relation,
Theory of alpha decay. Beta-spectra, Fermi’s theory of beta decay, Sergeant’s law, Kurie Plot,
Allowed and forbidden transitions, Parity violation in beta-decay, Detection of neutrino.
Unit III
Gamma emission, Multipolarity of gamma rays, Selection rules, Theoretical prediction of
decay constants, Estimation of Transition probabilities, Internal conversion, Angular
correlation, Nuclear isomerism, Mossbauer Effect.
PAGE 28
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
Unit IV
Nuclear models, Evidence of shell structure, magic numbers and spin-orbit coupling, extreme
single particle model. Predictions of spin, parity and electromagnetic moments, Collective
model-Vibrational and rotational spectra.
Books Recommended
1. Nuclear Physics , Kenneth S Krane, John Wiley
2. Nuclear Physics , BL Cohen, TMH
3. Nuclear Physics, HS Hans, New Age International
4. Introductory Nuclear Physics, SM Wong, Prentice Hall of India
PAGE 29
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
THIRD SEMESTER
PAPER-303 Solid State Physics
MAX. MARKS: 075
Unit I
Crystalline solids, Unit cell and direct lattice, Two and three dimensional Bravais lattices,
Close packed structure, Interaction of X rays with matter, elastic scattering from perfect
lattice, Reciprocal lattice and its application to diffraction, Laue, powder and rotating crystal
method, crystal structure factor and intensity of diffraction maxima.
Unit II
Point defects , line defects and planer stacking faults, dislocations, role of dislocations in
plastic deformations and crystal growth, Observation of imperfections in crystals , X-ray and
electron microscopic techniques.
Unit III
Electrons in periodic lattices, Kronig Penny model, energy bands, Bloch theorem, effective
mass, Tight binding, Cellular and pseudo potential method of energy band calculation, Fermi
surface, De-Hass Van Alfen effect, cyclotron resonance, magneto resistance , quantum hall
effect.
PAGE 30
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
Unit IV
Superconductivity, critical temperature, persistence currents, isotope effect, Meissner effect,
London equations. Weiss theory of ferromagnetism, Heisenberg model and molecular field
theory, spin waves and magnons, Curie Weiss law for susceptibility, Ferri and antiferro order,
domains and Bloch wall energy.
Books Recommended
1. Crystallography and solid state Physics, Verma and Srivastava
2. Introduction to solid state Physics, C. Kittel
3. Solid State Physics, Aschrofft and Mermin
4. Solid State Physics, M. Ali Omar
5. Solid State Physics, JP Srivastava
6. Introduction to solid state theory, Madlung
7. Quantum Theory of solid state, Callaway
8. Theoretical Solid State Physics, Huang
PAGE 31
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
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MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
THIRD SEMESTER
PAPER-304
Basic Electronics and Devices
MAX. MARKS: 075
UNIT-I
Working, Characteristics and Applications of PN junction diode, Zener diode, Tunnel diode,
LED, Photo Cell, Solar Cell, PIN diode, SCR, TRIAC, DIAC, Backward Diode.
UNIT-II
Various current components in junction transistor, Emitter efficiency, the transistor Alpha
analytical for transistor Characteristics, analysis of cut off and saturation region, maximum
voltage rating, the physical model of C-B transistor.
UNIT-III
Single stage CB, CE & CC amplifiers and their comparisons, Emitter follower, cascade
amplifier. Classification of amplifiers, Load line, Analysis of R C coupled amplifier and T C
amplifier using hybrid equivalent circuits. Working characteristics and applications of UJT,
PUT, FET, JFET, and MOSFET.
UNIT-IV
Feedback in amplifiers, Principle, its effect on amplifier characteristics, Classification of
oscillators, principle of feedback oscillators, Barkhausen criterion, Analysis of tuned collector,
tuned base, Hartley, Colpitt, R C phase shift and Wien bridge Oscillators and Crystal
Oscillators.
PAGE 32
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
Books Recommended
1. Electronics fundamentals and applications, J.D. Ryder, PHI
2. Electronic devices, circuits and applications, W.D. Stanley, PHI
3. Introduction to electronics, V. K. Mehta
PAGE 33
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
THIRD SEMESTER
PAPER-305
PRACTICAL
MAX. MARKS: 100
(a) Practical
60 Marks
(b) Record
20 Marks
(c) Viva-Voce
20 Marks
1. ESR
2. Millican ‘s method for electronic charge(e).
3. Ionization potential of mercury.
4. e/m by magnetron method.
5. e/m by Thomsan’s method.
6. G. M. counters.
7. Leacher wire (transmission line).
8. Four probe method for conductivity.
9. Operational amplifier (adder/subtractor, differentiation/integration)
10. Characteristics of SCR.
PAGE 34
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
FOURTH SEMESTER
401
PAPERPAPER-401
NUMERICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS
MAX. MARKS: 075
Unit I
Interpolation and Curve fitting- Errors in polynomial interpolation, Finite differences (forward,
backward and central differences), Interpolation with equally spaced and unevenly spaced
points (Newton and Lagrange interpolation formulae), Curve fitting, Polynomial, least
squares and cubic spline fitting.
Unit II
Numerical differentiation and integration - Numerical differentiation – Errors in Numerical
differentiation - Trapezoidal rule-Simpson’s 1/3 rule - Simpson’s 3/8 rule - Romberg
Integration-Gaussian Integration – Monte Carlo evaluation of integrals - Double Integration Newton-cotes integration formulae.
Unit III
Solution of linear systems of equations -Matrix inversion method - Gauss elimination method
- Gauss-Jordan Method – Modification of Gauss method to compute the inverse of a matrix,
Solution of linear systems-Iterative methods - The eigen value problem-Power and Jacobi’s
method to solve eignvalue problems. Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations Euler’s and Runge-Kutta methods, Predictor-Corrector methods.
PAGE 35
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
Unit IV
Numerical Solutions of partial differential equations - Finite difference approximations to
derivatives - Laplace equation-Jacobi’s method – Gauss Seidal method, Iterative methods for
the solution of equations.
Books Recommended
1. Mathematical Methods, G. Sanker Rao, K. Keshava Reddy, I.K.International Publishing
House, Pvt. Ltd.
2. Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, S.S. Sastry, PHI Pvt. Ltd.
3. An Introduction to Computational Physics, Tao Pang, CUP
4. Computer Oriented Numerical Methods, V. Rajaraman, PHI, 2004.
5. Numerical Methods, Balaguruswami, Tata McGraw Hill, 2009.
PAGE 36
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
FOURTH SEMESTER
402 Nuclear Physics – II
PAPERPAPER-402
MAX. MARKS: 075
Unit I
Nuclear two-body problem, Simple theory of deuteron, Spin dependence and non-central
feature of nuclear forces, Partial wave analysis, Low energy n-p scattering, Scattering length
and effective range theory, Low energy p-p scattering, Charge symmetry and charge
independence of nuclear forces, Meson theory of nuclear forces.
Unit – II
Nuclear reactions, Conservation laws, The Q-equation and deduction of nuclear energy levels,
Compound nucleus, Bohr hypothesis, Resonance phenomena, Breit- Wigner one level
formula, Optical model, Simple discussion of direct reactions, Nuclear fission, Bohr-Wheeler
theory of nuclear fission, Controlled chain reaction, Nuclear reactors, Nuclear Fusion.
Unit III
Classification of fundamental forces, elementary particles and their quantum numbers
(charge, spin parity, isospin, strangeness etc.), conservation laws, associated production and
strangeness, TAU – Theta puzzle, parity, time reversal and charge conjugation, CP violation,
CPT Theorem.
PAGE 37
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
Unit IV
Special Unitary groups, SU(2) and SU(3), Quark, Quark Structure of hadrons, Gellman Okubo
mass Formula, Hyperons, Hyper-nuclei.
Books Recommended
1. Introduction to Nuclear Physics, HA Enge, Addison Wesley
2. Concepts of Nuclear Physics, BL Cohen, TMH
3. Physics of Nuclei and particles, marmier and Sheldon Vol I and II , Academic Press
4. Introductory Nuclear Physics, SM Wong, Prentice Hall of India
PAGE 38
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
FOURTH SEMESTER
PAPER-403 (OPTIONAL GROUP A – i) Condensed Matter Physics I
MAX. MARKS: 075
Unit I
Interatomic forces, vibrations of mono and diatomic linear chain of atoms, lattice dynamics
of simple metals, ionic and covalent solids, optical phonons and dielectric constants, Inelastic
neutron scattering, Mossbauer effect, Debye Waller factor, Anhamonicity and thermal
expansion.
Unit II
Interaction of electrons and phonons with photons, Direct and indirect transitions absorption
in insulators, polaritons, one phonon absorption, optical properties of metals, skin effect and
anomalous skin effect.
Unit III
Interaction of electrons with acoustic and optical phonons, polarons, superconductivity,
manifestation of energy gap, Electrodynamics and thermodynamics of superconductors.
Unit IV
Electron –electron interaction via phonons, Cooper pairs, BCS theory of superconductivity,
Ginzberg Landau theory, d.c. and ac Josephson effect, macroscopic quantum interference,
vortices and type II superconductors, High temperature superconductors.
PAGE 39
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
Books Recommended
1. Integrated electronics, Millman and Halkias
2. Opamp and linear integrated circuit, R. A. Gayakwad
3. Linear integrated circuit, Choudhary and Jain
4. Digital principle and applications, A P Malvino and D P Leach, McGrawHill
5. Digital circuit and design, S. Salivahanan and S. Arivazhagan
6. Modern digital electronics, R.P. Jain
7. Microwave communication system, Kennedy
8. Introduction to radar system, Skolnik
9. Electronics communication system, Symon Hykins
10.Opto Electronics, Wilson and Halks
11.Principle of communication system, Taub and Schilling
12.Microelectronics, Millman and Grabel
PAGE 40
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
FOURTH SEMESTER
PAPER-404 (OPTIONAL GROUP A – ii) Condensed Matter Physics II
MAX. MARKS: 075
Unit I
Electrons in solids: Interacting electron gas, Hartree and Hartree Fock approximations,
correlation energy, screening, plasma oscillations, dielectric function of an electron gas in
random phase approximation, Limiting cases and Friedal oscillations, Strongly interacting
Fermi systems, Landau theory of Fermi liquids
Unit II
Structure and symmetry of liquids, liquid crystals and amorphous solids, types and properties
of liquid crystals, applications, aperiodic solids and quasicrystals, Fibonacci sequence,
Penrose lattices and their extension to three dimensions.
Unit III
Special carbon solids, Fullerines and carbon nano tubes, single wall and multi wall nanotubes,
mechanical and electronic properties of tubules, carbon nanotube based electronic devices,
methods of synthesis of nano structured materials, Quantum size effects: quantum wells,
wires and quantum dots.
Unit IV
PAGE 41
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
Films and surfaces: Study of surface topography by multiple beam interferometry, conditions
of accurate determination of step height and film thickness, electrical conductivity of thin
films. Elementary concepts of surface crystallography, scanning, tunneling and atomic force
microscopy.
Books Recommended
1. Integrated electronics, Millman and Halkias
2. Opamp and linear integrated circuit, R. A. Gayakwad
3. Linear integrated circuit, Choudhary and Jain
4. Digital principle and applications, A P Malvino and D P Leach, McGrawHill
5. Digital circuit and design, S. Salivahanan and S. Arivazhagan
6. Modern digital electronics, R.P. Jain
7. Microwave communication system, Kennedy
8. Introduction to radar system, Skolnik
9. Electronics communication system, Symon Hykins
10.Opto Electronics, Wilson and Halks
11.Principle of communication system, Taub and Schilling
12.Microelectronics, Millman and Grabel
PAGE 42
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
FOURTH SEMESTER
PAPER-403 (OPTIONAL GROUP B – i) Electronics-I
MAX. MARKS: 075
Unit I
Operational Amplifier, Applicability of OP-Amp in analog computation, OP-Amp as voltage
follower, Adder substractor , Integrator, Differentiator, Log Amplifier, Antilog amplifier,
Analog multimeter, Divider circuit, RMS circuit, function fitting and time function generator.
Unit II
Active Filter, Comparator, Multivibrator, Schmitt Trigger, Triangular wave generator, voltage
controlled oscillator, phase locked loop, voltage to frequency and frequency to voltage
convertor, A/D and D/A convertor circuit, 555 timer.
Unit III
Number system, codes (Grey code, ASCII code and BCD code), Basic circuit, logic gates, DTL,
RTL and TTL and ECL logic circuit, Karnaough (K) map, pairs, Quads and octaves.
Unit IV
Half adder, full adder, half substracter and full substracter, data processing circuit,
Multiplexers,
Demultiplexers,
Encoder
and
Decoder,
Flip-Flop,
Synchronous
and
asynchronous counters, Serial and parallel shift registers.
PAGE 43
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
Books Recommended
1. Verma and Srivastava: Crystallography and solid state Physics
2. C. Kittel: Introduction to solid state Physics
3. Aschrofft and Mermin: Solid State Physics
4. M. Ali Omar: Solid State Physics
5. JP Srivastava: Solid State Physics
6. Madlung: Introduction to solid state theory
7. C.Kittel: Quantum Theory of Solids
8. Huang: Theoretical Solid State Physics
9. . Nano Technology , C Poole
10. SO Pillai, Solid State Physics, New Age Publishers
11. Callaway: Quantum Theory of solid state
12. Heavens: Thin Films
13. Tolansky ; Multiple Beam Interferometry
PAGE 44
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
FOURTH SEMESTER
PAPER-404 (OPTIONAL GROUP B – ii)
Electronics-II
MAX. MARKS: 075
Unit I
Amplitude Modulation, Modulation and Demodulation Techniques, Frequency Modulation,
Phase modulation, Equivalence between AM, FM and PM modulation, Digital modulation,
sampling and quantization, pulse code modulation, ASK, FSK, PSK and DPSK.
Unit II
Generation of microwave by Klystron Osculated, reflex Klystron, magnetron, TWT and
semiconductor gun diode, wave guide, cavity resonator, Microwave antenna, microwave
detector, VSWR, power and dielectric measurement.
Unit III
Basic of satellite communication, link factors affecting satellite communication, transponders,
basic radar system, types of radar, Modern radar, T.V. transmitter and receiver, colour
Television, Antenna system, Yagi Antena.
Unit IV
Wave propagation in an isotropic media, Transmission and fiber losses in fiber, Dispersion,
optical wave guide, optical fiber source and detector, Coupler, Modern telephone optic mux,
basic ideas of CDMA, GSM mobiles, GPS & GPRS Technology.
PAGE 45
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
Books Recommended
1. Verma and Srivastava: Crystallography and solid state Physics
2. C. Kittel: Introduction to solid state Physics
3. Aschrofft and Mermin: Solid State Physics
4. M. Ali Omar: Solid State Physics
5. JP Srivastava: Solid State Physics
6. Madlung: Introduction to solid state theory
7. C.Kittel: Quantum Theory of Solids
8. Huang: Theoretical Solid State Physics
9. . Nano Technology , C Poole
10.SO Pillai, Solid State Physics, New Age Publishers
11.Callaway: Quantum Theory of solid state
12.Heavens: Thin Films
13.Tolansky ; Multiple Beam Interferometry
PAGE 46
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)
FOURTH SEMESTER
PAPER-405 PRACTICAL
MAX. MARKS: 100
(a) Practical
60 Marks
(b) Record
20 Marks
(c) Viva-Voce
20 Marks
Paper 405 (A)
Electronics
1. Solution of second order differential equations using operational amplifier.
2. Amplitude modulation
3. Frequency modulation
4. Pulse amplitude modulation.
5. Hybrid (h) parameters
6. Hartley oscillator
7. Colpitt oscillator
8. Power amplifier
9. UJT
10. J K and R S flip flop
PAGE 47
DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA
.
11. Phase shift resistors and counters
12. A/D and D/A convertors
13. Sattellite Communication
14. Emitter follower
Paper 405 (B)
Condensed Matter Physics
1. Hall Effect
2. Ge conductivity
3. Modulus of rigidity
4. Conductivity of Ge by fouir probe method
5. Magneto resistance
6. Fluorescence
7. ESR
8. Lattice dynamics
9. Solar cell and photo diode
10. Hystresis
11. Study of ferromagnetic material
PAGE 48