Download VOLUNTARY CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGE PROGRAM

VOLUNTARY CLIMATE CHANGE
CHALLENGE PROGRAM
PROGRESS REPORT FOR 1997
SEPTEMBER, 1998
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
NATIONAL VOLUNTARY CHALLENGE AND REGISTRY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1997 Progress Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COMPANY PROFILE ................................................................................................................................. ii
COMPANY COMMITMENT.....................................................................................................................iii
SUMMARY................................................................................................................................................. iv
1.
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS................................................................................................ 1
1.1
Direct Greenhouse Gas Emissions...................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Evaporative Losses from Tankage......................................................................... 2
1.1.2 Evaporative Losses from Loading Vessels ............................................................ 2
1.1.3 Emissions from Fleet Vehicles .............................................................................. 2
1.1.4 Emissions from Space Heating .............................................................................. 3
1.2
Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emissions ................................................................................... 4
2.0
GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION MEASURES........................................................................ 6
2.1
Company Facilities ............................................................................................................. 6
2.1.1 Tankage.................................................................................................................. 6
2.1.2 Vessel Loading ...................................................................................................... 7
2.1.3 Vehicles ................................................................................................................. 7
2.1.4 Space Heating ........................................................................................................ 8
2.2
Electric Power Consumption .............................................................................................. 8
2.2.1 Energy Efficiency Program ................................................................................... 8
2.2.2 Pump Drivers ......................................................................................................... 9
2.3
Offsets................................................................................................................................. 9
2.4
Employee Awareness Program ........................................................................................... 9
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
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NATIONAL VOLUNTARY CHALLENGE AND REGISTRY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
COMPANY PROFILE{tc \l1 "COMPANY PROFILE}
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd. (Trans Mountain) owns and operates a 1146 km pipeline for the
transport of crude oil, refined products, other refinery feedstocks and methyl tertiary butyl ether (an
oxygenate additive for gasoline) between Alberta and British Columbia. The pipeline system originates
near Edmonton, Alberta and terminates at a tank farm and marine terminal in Burnaby, B.C. The liquid
petroleum pipeline has been in operation since 1953.
The Company also owns and operates a marine terminal at Westridge in Burnaby, B.C. where crude oil is
loaded aboard ocean-going vessels and jet fuel is off loaded and stored. Shipments of crude oil from
Westridge dock commenced in 1956.
Trans Mountain Enterprises of British Columbia Limited, another wholly owned subsidiary owns and
operates a pipeline which transports jet fuel to Vancouver International Airport from Westridge Marine
Terminal and from refineries and distribution terminals in the Burnaby area. The jet fuel pipeline system
has been in operation since 1970.
Trans Mountain is a member of the BC Gas Group of Companies. BC Gas is a publicly traded integrated
energy company with its Head Office in Vancouver, B.C.
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
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NATIONAL VOLUNTARY CHALLENGE AND REGISTRY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
COMPANY COMMITMENT{tc \l1 "COMPANY COMMITMENT}
Trans Mountain has agreed to participate in the Canadian Voluntary Climate Change Challenge Program and
Registry. The President of Trans Mountain at that time responded directly to the federal government by way
of a letter of commitment to participate in September of 1994. As a member of the Canadian Energy Pipeline
Association (CEPA), Trans Mountain also intends to support the Memorandum of Understanding on the
Voluntary Challenge Program which was signed by CEPA and Natural Resources Canada in May of 1995.
This report provides an update for the direct and indirect sources and magnitude (where available) of
greenhouse gas emissions arising from Trans Mountain facilities in 1997 as well as measures that the
Company has and intends to take to reduce or offset these emissions.
A Preliminary Action Plan for the period 1990 - 1994 was filed with the federal government in September,
1995.
We invite you to provide us with your ideas, comments and suggestions. Please contact:
Gary R. Miller
Manager, Environmental Services
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
Address:
Suite 900, 1333 West Broadway
Vancouver, BC
V6H 4C2
Telephone:
Facsimile:
E-Mail:
604-739-5252
604-739-5003
[email protected]
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
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NATIONAL VOLUNTARY CHALLENGE AND REGISTRY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
SUMMARY{tc \l1 "SUMMARY}
The total estimated direct greenhouse gas emissions from Company pipeline system operations in 1997 was
2,432 tonnes (expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents). These emissions consist mainly of carbon dioxide
from fleet vehicles and space heating. In 1998, the Company entered into an agreement with Tree Foundation
Canada to implement a tree planting program designed to offset, as much as possible, historical year to year
increases in direct emissions since 1990.
The total estimated net indirect greenhouse gas emissions arising from Company electric power consumption
in 1996 was 63,382 tonnes (expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents). Almost all of these indirect emissions
were produced by thermal power generating plants in Alberta. These emissions are accounted for by the
power generating companies in their reports on greenhouse gas emissions. The net indirect emissions take
into account offsets used by various electrical utility companies to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The
three utility companies who supply electrical power all participate in the Voluntary Registry and Challenge
Program.
Both direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions have decreased from 1996 levels due mainly to a reduction
in throughput. The reduction in indirect emissions is also partially due to an electric efficiency program
which started in 1996. The Company intends to implement energy use reduction measures that are practical
and cost justifiable. This will serve to further reduce indirect greenhouse gas emissions resulting from power
consumption.
In 1998, the Company began to provide more information on climate change to employees. Articles about
climate change and greenhouse gas emissions were featured in the Company’s internal newsletter. As an
example, the entire set of “The Climate Change Chronicles” published by the Canadian Energy Pipeline
Association and Canadian Gas Association were distributed to all employees in September. A discussion
about greenhouse gas emissions has also been added to the Company’s environmental awareness training
program for all employees.
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
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NATIONAL VOLUNTARY CHALLENGE AND REGISTRY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
1.
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS{tc \l1 "1. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS}
The total estimated direct greenhouse gas emissions from Company pipeline system operations in
1997 was 2,432 tonnes (expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents). These emissions consist mainly of
carbon dioxide from fleet vehicles and space heating. Further details of the direct sources of
greenhouse gases from Company facilities are provided in section 1.1.
The total estimated net indirect greenhouse gas emissions for power consumed by the Company in
1997 was 63,382 tonnes (expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents). In this case, indirect emissions
are greenhouse gases discharged by the electrical utility companies who supply electrical energy to
Trans Mountain. Indirect emissions are accounted for as direct emissions in the submissions from
the electrical utility companies. The net indirect emissions take into account offsets used by various
electrical utility companies to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Further details with regard to
indirect emissions are provided in section 1.2. A summary of the Company’s green house gas
emissions for 1990, 1996, and 1997 and the corresponding annual average throughput is provided in
table 1.1.
Table 1.1 GHG Emissions
1990
(revised)
1996
(revised)
1997
Direct GHG Emissions
(tonnes CO2 equivalents)
2,035
2,477
2,432
Net Indirect GHG Emissions
(tonnes CO2 equivalents)
47,115
73,679
63,382
TMPL, TME combined
throughput (m3/day)
28,748
43,157
39,800
GHG Source
In this report, the oil pipeline system between Edmonton, Alberta and Burnaby, BC will be referred
to as the TMPL system and the jet fuel pipeline system in the Greater Vancouver area will be referred
to as the TME system. Petroleum transported in the TMPL system includes crude oil, condensate,
gasoline, diesel, semi-refined petroleum and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Only kerosene
based jet fuel is transported in the TME system.
1.1
Direct Greenhouse Gas Emissions{tc \l2 "1.1 Direct Greenhouse Gas Emissions}
A summary of direct GHG emissions from Company facilities during 1997 is provided in Table 1.2.
The sources of the direct GHG emissions are the same as reported for 1996.
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
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NATIONAL VOLUNTARY CHALLENGE AND REGISTRY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Table 1.1 Summary of Direct GHG Emissions from Company Facilities (1997)
Carbon Dioxide
(tonnes)
Nitrous Oxide
(tonnes)
Methane
(tonnes)
Evaporative Losses from
Tankage
0
0
2.4
Evaporative Losses from
Vessel Loading
0
0
3.9
Vehicle Fleet Emissions
1,572
0.74
0.20
491
0.01
<0.01
2,063
0.75
6.5
GHG Source
Space Heating
Total:
1.1.1
Evaporative Losses from Tankage{tc \l3 "1.1.1
Evaporative Losses from Tankage}
The total estimated GHG emissions (methane) from TMPL tankage in 1997 was 2.4 tonnes, the
same as for 1996.
1.1.2
Evaporative Losses from Loading Vessels{tc \l3 "1.1.2
Vessels}
Evaporative Losses from Loading
The total estimated GHG emissions (methane) from 8 tanker and 11 barge loadings in 1997 was 3.9
tonnes, a decrease of 1.7 tonnes compared to 1996. The decrease resulted from fewer tanker and
barge loadings during 1997. The vessel emission factors remain unchanged from those used for the
1996 estimates.
1.1.3
Emissions from Fleet Vehicles{tc \l3 "1.1.3
Emissions from Fleet Vehicles}
Trans Mountain operated a fleet of 121 light and heavy duty vehicles, a forklift and one helicopter
in 1997. The estimated GHG emissions from Company vehicles is summarized in Table 1.3.
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
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NATIONAL VOLUNTARY CHALLENGE AND REGISTRY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Table 1.3 GHG Emissions from Fleet Vehicles (1997)
Vehicle
Type
Number
of
Vehicles
Fuel
Consumed
(Litres)
Kilometres
Driven
(km)
Carbon
Dioxide
Emissions
(tonnes)
Nitrous
Oxide
Emissions
(tonnes)
Methane
Emissions
(tonnes)
gasoline
2,633,679
1,027
0.74
0.18
247,980
270
0.04
0.02
Light
Duty
109
Heavy
Duty
12
Helicopter
1
108,000
Jet A
-
275
<0.01
<0.01
Forklift
1
304 L
Propane
-
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
1,572
0.79
0.20
Total:
(not available)
diesel
(not available)
123
Emission Factors for Vehicles: (source: Mr. A. Jacques, Environment Canada, based on “Canada’s
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Estimate for 1990", Report EPS 5/AP/4, December, 1992)
Light Duty: carbon dioxide (0.39 kg/km); nitrous oxide (0.28 g/km); methane (0.07 g/km)
Heavy Duty: carbon dioxide (1.09 kg/km); nitrous oxide (0.15 g/km); methane (0.08 g/km)
Helicopter (aviation jet fuel): carbon dioxide (2.55 t/kL), nitrous oxide (0.23 kg/kL); methane (0.08 kg/kL)
Propane: carbon dioxide (1.5 avg. t/KL); nitrous oxide (0.23 kg/KL); methane (0.03 kg/KL)
1.1.4
Emissions from Space Heating{tc \l3 "1.1.4 Emissions from Space Heating}
Natural gas and propane consumption for space heating in 1997 is summarized in Table 1.4 along
with estimates of GHG emissions that result from burning these fuels in furnaces and heaters.
Natural gas is used for space heating at Edmonton terminal, Edson pump station, Jasper pump
station, Kamloops pump station and Hope pipeline maintenance base. Propane is used for space
heating at Blue River pipeline maintenance base, Sumas pump station and Burnaby terminal. The
remaining TMPL and TME facilities use electricity for space heating.
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
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NATIONAL VOLUNTARY CHALLENGE AND REGISTRY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Table 1.4 GHG Emissions from Space Heating (1997)
Fuel Type
Consumption
Carbon Dioxide
Emissions
(tonnes)
Nitrous Oxide
Emissions
(tonnes)
Methane
Emissions
(tonnes)
Natural Gas
8,873 GJ
441
<0.01
<0.01
Propane
33,025 L
50
0.01
<0.01
491
0.01
<0.01
Total:
Emission Factors: (source Voluntary Challenge and Registry Participant’s Handbook, August, 1995)
Propane: carbon dioxide (1.5 avg. t/KL); nitrous oxide (0.23 kg/KL); methane (0.03 kg/KL)
Natural gas: carbon dioxide (49.68 t/TJ); nitrous oxide (0.62 kg/TJ); methane (0.7 avg kg/TJ)
1.2
Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emissions{tc \l2 "1.2
Indirect Greenhouse Gas Emissions}
All TMPL and TME pumps use electric drivers. About ninety-five (95) percent of the electric
energy consumed by TMPL and TME operations is used for pumping petroleum. The remaining
five (5) percent of the electric power is consumed by tank mixers, lighting, space heating and
computer systems.
The makeup of the power sources and factors used to calculate GHG emissions remain unchanged
from 1995 (ref: Preliminary Action Plan dated September, 1995). Electric power consumed by the
Company is summarized by power source in Table 1.5.
Power consumption has increased from the 1990 level due to pipeline throughput increases.
Combined TMPL and TME petroleum deliveries have increased from 28,748 m3/day in 1990 to
39,800 m3/day in 1997. Comment on decrease from 1996 to 1997 here....
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
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NATIONAL VOLUNTARY CHALLENGE AND REGISTRY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Table 1.5 Electric Power Consumption
1990
(MW.h)
1995
(MW.h)
1996
(MW.h)
43,393
56,822
64,686
55,308
5,849
13,395
15,816
11,323
BC Hydro (3)
34,850
65,620
80,133
64,031
BC Hydro (4)
320
362
485
3,731
84,412
136,199
161,120
134,393
Company
Power Source
TMPL
TransAlta
Utilities(1)
Alberta Power (2)
TME
Total:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
1997
(MW.h)
Edmonton Terminal, Gainford, Niton and Edson pump stations.
Jasper pump station.
Albreda, McMurphy, Darfield, Kamloops, Kingsvale and Sumas pump stations; Burnaby and
Westridge terminals (includes TME and CAIL pumps).
Chevron, Shell, Petro-Canada, Burnaby booster, and Westridge Inlet jet fuel pumps.
A summary of the indirect 1997 GHG emissions from power generating facilities for electricity
consumed by the Company is summarized in Table 1.7.
Table 1.6 Gross Indirect GHG Emissions from Electric Power Consumption (1997)
Carbon
Dioxide
(tonnes)
Nitrous
Oxide
(tonnes)
Methane
(tonnes)
TransAlta Utilities (coal-90%,
natural gas -2%)
55,309
1.4
n/a
Alberta Power (natural gas -100%)
5,661
n/a
n/a
BC Hydro (natural gas -1%)
1,921
n/a
n/a
BC Hydro (natural gas -1%)
112
n/a
n/a
63,003
1.4
0
Company
Power Source
TMPL
TME
Total:
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
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NATIONAL VOLUNTARY CHALLENGE AND REGISTRY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
The total estimated gross indirect greenhouse gas emissions for power consumed by the Company
in 1997 was 63,437 tonnes (expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents). Estimated indirect GHG
emissions from power consumption for 1990 are 47,115 tonnes (expressed as carbon dioxide
equivalents). The total estimated net indirect greenhouse gas emissions for power consumed by the
Company in 1997 was 63,382 tonnes (expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents). The net indirect
emissions take into account offsets used by various electrical utility companies to reduce their
greenhouse gas emissions.
The above indirect GHG emission estimates will have already been accounted for in submissions
from power companies and is provided here to show the indirect contribution of the Company’s
electric power consumption, the majority of which is used for pumping petroleum through
pipeline system facilities.
TransAlta Corporation, Alberta Power Limited and BC Hydro all participate in the Voluntary
Challenge and Registry program. For further information with regard to the electrical utility
companies’ GHG reduction programs refer to their 1997 Voluntary Challenge and Registry reports.
2.0
GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION MEASURES{tc \l1 "2.0 GREENHOUSE
REDUCTION MEASURES}
2.1
GAS
Company Facilities{tc \l2 "2.1 Company Facilities}
The greenhouse gas reduction measures taken by the Company along with future action plans are
described in this section. The Company will continue to evaluate opportunities for reducing or
offsetting greenhouse gas emissions which are practical and cost justifiable.
2.1.1
Tankage{tc \l3 "2.1.1
Tankage}
Since the early 1980's, the Company has taken steps to reduce evaporative losses of hydrocarbons
from tankage. Single seals on most of the external floating roof tanks have been replaced with
double seal systems. Several external floating roof tanks have been converted to internal floating
roof tanks as part of an overall tank maintenance and upgrading program. New tanks constructed
since 1989 have been of the internal floating roof type with geodesic domes. These measures have
reduced evaporative losses which contain approximately 2 percent methane.
Several tanks have been retrofitted with mechanical shoe primary seals and rim mounted secondary
seals in accordance with the CCME “Environmental Guideline for Controlling Emissions of Volatile
Organic Compounds from Aboveground Storage Tanks”, dated June 1995 (report #CCME-EPC87E).
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
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NATIONAL VOLUNTARY CHALLENGE AND REGISTRY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
In 1996, the Company installed a gauge pole seal on an external floating roof tank as a pilot project
to determine the effectiveness in reducing evaporative losses. Gauge poles are a major source of
evaporative losses on external floating roof tanks. The gauge pole seal installed is not suitable for
the installation of new tank level measurement equipment. In 1998 the Company will develop a
prototype gauge pole sleeve which will result in a similar reduction in evaporative losses while
allowing for the installation of new tank level monitors. The prototype will be installed on a storage
tank in 1999. The Company plans on retrofitting all external floating roof tanks with the gauge
pole sleeves if performance is satisfactory.
The calculated 1990 evaporative loss estimate was used to determine the 1997 GHG emissions.
This reported quantity is conservative because of:
•
•
•
tank dome installation at various facilities,
tank seal and fitting upgrades, and
reduced tank use.
The above changes would more than offset increased emissions resulting from higher throughput
experienced in 1997. The quantity of greenhouse gas emitted from tankage is very small compared
to other sources.
2.1.2
Vessel Loading{tc \l3 "2.1.2
Vessel Loading}
The Company has taken steps to minimize evaporative losses from ocean going tankers and barges
through control of the loading rate and monitoring of vessel loading operations.
The Company has retained a master mariner to inspect and monitor all phases of vessel loading
operations. Steps have been taken to load the cargo tanks in a manner which minimizes cargo tank
emissions.
2.1.3
Vehicles{tc \l3 "2.1.3
Vehicles}
Company vehicles are currently fuelled by gasoline (light duty) or diesel (heavy duty). With the
exception of the Company forklift, natural gas powered vehicles are not used due to the lack of
range and fuel supply along the pipeline system.
The Company purchased an electric utility vehicle in 1997 for use at Burnaby terminal. This unit,
which replaced an existing light duty vehicle, is suitable for operation in mild climates. This was a
unique opportunity as the Burnaby climate is much milder than other areas the Company operates.
GHG emissions from vehicles are minimized through a program of regular maintenance and
replacement. Maintenance and fuel consumption is closely monitored against replacement criteria
for fleet vehicles. Replacement vehicles will have lower emissions.
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
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NATIONAL VOLUNTARY CHALLENGE AND REGISTRY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
2.1.4
Space Heating{tc \l3 "2.1.4
Space Heating}
Over the past several years, many Company buildings have been retrofitted with better insulation
which has reduced energy demand. The Company intends to continue this program on an asrequired basis.
2.2
Electric Power Consumption{tc \l2 "2.2
Electric Power Consumption}
2.2.1
Energy Efficiency Program{tc \l3 "2.2.1
Energy Efficiency Program}
The Company will continue to evaluate all economically justifiable measures to reduce energy
consumption. Any improvement in energy efficiency will indirectly reduce GHG emissions from
power generating facilities which supply the Company with electricity, particularly in Alberta where
the majority of electricity is produced from coal.
In late 1996 the Company reviewed operational practices and commenced an internal policy to
reduce the practice of control valve throttling as a means of controlling flow rate. Previously,
station control valves would be partially closed in order to satisfy daily throughput requirements.
Under current practices, control valves remain open and throughput requirements are met through a
process of activating and deactivating pumping units. The revised practice reduces both the pressure
losses at the various valve locations and the corresponding power consumption.
The energy efficiency program also includes use of “on-peak” and “off-peak” pumping. This
process involves increasing pipeline pump rates during electrical utility off-peak hours and
decreasing pump rates during peak hours. This decreases the use of marginal electric power which
has higher greenhouse gas emission factors. This technique is highly effective when pipeline
throughput fluctuates and the average throughput is less than maximum sustainable capacity.
In addition to the above, the Company has modified the tank mixers and changed several pump
impellers at various locations to reduce energy consumption. The Company has also participated
and will continue to participate in cost efficient programs such as “Power Smart” and the Jasper
Energy Efficiency Project (JEEP).
It is difficult to quantify the increased energy efficiency and corresponding greenhouse gas
reductions from the energy efficiency program. The characteristics of the various batches in the
line at any time impact the power required to operate the pumps. Also, as throughput increases, the
power required to pump a given volume of petroleum also increases. Therefore, a pipeline
operating at a lower flowrate will be much more efficient with respect to electrical consumption per
unit throughput than a similar pipeline operating at a higher flowrate.
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
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NATIONAL VOLUNTARY CHALLENGE AND REGISTRY ON CLIMATE CHANGE
A comparison between 1995 and 1997 data indicates the energy efficiency program has been quite
effective. Table 1.5 shows that power consumption for 1997 was slightly less than 1995. TMPL
and TME combined throughput however was 1,405 cubic metres per day greater in 1997. This
means an additional half a million more cubic metres or petroleum were pumped in 1997 with no
corresponding increase in energy consumption.
2.2.2
Pump Drivers{tc \l3 "2.2.2
Pump Drivers}
The Company utilizes high efficiency motors for main line pumps at its pumping stations. All new
pump motors and transformers are purchased in accordance with the “Power Smart” guidelines to
achieve their high efficiency ratings.
2.3
Offsets{tc \l2 "2.3
Offsets}
The Company has entered into an agreement with the Tree Foundation Canada to begin a tree
planting program in 1998 to offset, as much as possible, historical year to year increases in direct
greenhouse gas emissions since 1990. The trees will be planted in communities located along the
Company’s pipeline system. Offsets from this program will be quantified in future annual progress
reports.
2.4
Employee Awareness Program{tc \l2 "2.4
Employee Awareness Program}
In 1998, the Company began to provide more information on climate change to employees. As an
example, the entire set of “The Climate Change Chronicles” published by the Canadian Energy
Pipeline Association and Canadian Gas Association were distributed to all employees in September.
Articles about climate change and greenhouse gas emissions were also featured in the Company’s
internal newsletter. A discussion about greenhouse gas emissions has also been added to the
Company’s environmental awareness training program for all employees.
2.5
Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading Pilot
In 1998 Trans Mountain began participating in the Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading Pilot (GERT).
The GERT pilot is the first greenhouse gas emission trading project in Canada. The objective of the
program is to evaluate the environmental and economic benefits of emission reduction trading. It
will also provide participants with practical emission trading experience.
WP File: E:\CLASS\30\5700\GHGPROG\97VCCCA.GHG
Trans Mountain Pipe Line Company Ltd.
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