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ATOC 3500/CHEM 3151 March 31, 2011 Geoengineering What is it? Sometimes referred to as climate engineering, geoengineering is an approach to mitigating climate change by intentionally intervening with the atmosphere to offset the impacts of rising GHGs. An alternative to reducing emissions caused by burning fossil fuels Categories: Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) Exactly what it sounds like: reversal of climate change by removing some CO2 from the atmosphere, reducing CO2 concentration Iron Fertilization Stratospheric Sulfur Aerosols 1. SO2 deposited in stratosphere by airplane (or volcano) 2. Sunlight and OH react with SO2, forming H2SO2 3. H2SO2 condenses and forms aerosols 4. Aerosols block sunlight from reaching Earth’s surface 1. Iron stimulates phytoplankton bloom 2. CO2 and sunlight used for photosynthesis 3. O2 released as product of photosynthesis 4. Organism dies, sequesters CO2 on ocean floor Relevant Chemistry: Relevant Chemistry: SO2 + OH + hv H2SO2 ∆ Albedo = Warmer stratus./cooler tropos. 6CO2 + 6H2O + hv C6H12O6 + 6O2 Reduction of [CO2] Issues: Issues: Efficacy of process still inconclusive, unknown whether CO2 sequestion is permanent Unintended biogeochemical and ecological impacts, dispersed due to ocean circulation Solar radiation management (SRM) Reflect sunlight and alter Earth’s albedo, cooling surface layer of the Earth (think mirrors in space) Cannot run large-scale tests needed to determine environmental impacts, size of aerosols needed for desired effects Concerns regarding localized climate changes and disruption of agricultural output