Download The Pituitary Gland

The Pituitary Gland
aka: The Hypophysis
By: Rachel Flores, Scott Garcia, Sujey Ponce, Armando Hernandez
Location
• The hypophysis is located at the base of the brain
Where a pituitary stalk (infundidoulum) attaches it to the
hypothalamus
Basic Anatomy
• Pea sized
• Divided into 2 lobes
Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)
 Develops from Rathke’s Pouch
Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)
 Develops from infundibulum
General Function
• Directs other organs to do their jobs
Ex: Pituitary gland tells the Adrenal gland to increase or decrease
hormone production
• Functions the Pituitary handles:
 Production of growth hormones
 Regulation of Endocrine System
 Production of hormones that affect the function of muscles & kidneys
 Production of hormones that control other Endocrine glands
 Storage of hormones that are produced by hypothalamus
Secretions and Functions
• 5 types of secretory cells within epithelium and 4 of these
secrete a different hormone
1) Growth hormone (GH)
2) Prolactin (PRL)
3) Thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH)
4) Follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing
hormone (LH)*
* Males: LH is known as interstitial cell stimulating hormone
(ICSH)
1) Growth Hormone (GH)
Functions to stimulate growth in body cells (size and devision
rate)
• Allows for movement of amino acids across membranes
• Regulates body metabolism
• Regulates sugar levels in the blood
• Controls the rates of utalization of carbohydrates and lipids
(fats)
2) Prolactin (PRL)
Stimulates and sustains a woman’s milk production after birth of
an infant
• Also possibly known to maintain
normal sperm production
3) Thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Controls secretion of hormones from thyroid gland
- Hypothalamus regulates TSH by producing thyroid- releasing
hormone (TRH)
• As blood concentration of thyroid hormones increase, secretion
of TRH and TSH decrease
- THS causes the thyroid gland to make 2 hormones
1) Triiodothyronie (T3)
2) Thyroxine (T4)
- Help control body’s metabolism
4) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Functions to stimulate production and release of cortisol from
the cortex of the adrenal gland
- ACTH secretion regulated partly by corticotropin- releasing
hormone (CRH)
- Stimulation: decreased concentrations of adrenal cortical
hormones – stress (CRH)
5) Follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) &
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- FSH in females: stimulates gonads/ reproduction growth of ovarian follicles in
organs the ovary before the release of an egg from the follicle at ovulation
• Responsible for ovulation
- FSH in males: stimulates testicular growth and enhances production sertoli cells
(testes)
- LH in females: stimulate estrogen and progesterone production from ovulation
- LH in males: stimulates testosterone production from the interstitial cells of
testes
- LH promotes secretion of sex hormones
6) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)
- Controls blood pressure by acting on kidneys and blood
vessels
- Conserues fluid volume of body by reducing amount of water
in your urine
7) Oxytocin (OT)
- Contraction of womb (uterus) during childbirth and location
- Stimulates uterine wall muscle to contract
* pinch nipples when in birth to cause oxytocin release
Diseases or Abnormalities
• Insufficient secretion of growth hormone (GH) during childhood limits
growth, causing Hypopituitary Dwarfism
• Over secretion of GH during childhood causing gigantism, in which height
may exceed 8 ft.
• Acromegaly is the overproduction of growth hormones in adulthood
Wide ranging effects include enlarged heart, bones thyroid gland, facial
features, hands feet and head
• An injury or tumor damages to any parts of the ADH- regulating
mechanism, too little ADH may be synthesized or released, producing
diabetes inspinidus
Affected individual may produce as much as much as 25-30 liters of very
dilute urine per day
Works Cited
• Thompson E. Gregory, November 14, 2014, Thyroid- stimulating Hormone (TSH). Febr
20, 2016
• Dutta Shuchismita, Goodsell David, April 2003, Growth Hormone. February 20, 2016
https://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/52
• NA, January 7, 2015, Follicle stimulating hormone. February 20, 2016
• NA, January 7, 2015, Anti-diuretic hormone. February 20, 2016
• Foulad, Allen. July 29, 2015, Emedicine. Medscape.com, 19 February, 2016
• NA, October 22, 2014, m.newhealthguide.org, 19 February, 2016
• Shier, David, Jackie Butler, Ricki Lewis, Hole’s essentials of Human Anatomy&
Physiology, New York, McGraw-Hill, Print