Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Sea in culture wikipedia , lookup
Marine microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on oceans wikipedia , lookup
Marine life wikipedia , lookup
Marine debris wikipedia , lookup
Ecosystem of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre wikipedia , lookup
Raised beach wikipedia , lookup
Marine habitats wikipedia , lookup
Marine pollution wikipedia , lookup
Marine Strategy Framework Directive: issues related to ecosystems and their services European Commission DG Environment Unit C.2 Marine Environment and Water Industry Workshop: Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) in the marine environment 19 June 2013, Brussels Outline MSFD – a brief introduction What can MSFD bring to the MAES process? Where can MAES make a difference? The Marine Strategy Framework Directive EU’s legal instrument for the protection of our seas Overall objective: achieve or maintain Good Environmental Status (GES) of all EU marine waters by 2020. Adoption of an ecosystem-based and integrated approach to the management of all human activities which have an impact on the marine environment. Regional approach to implementation, through establishment of Marine Regions and Sub-regions Achieving GES should enable sustainable use of marine goods and services Overarching Goal: Achieve GES of EU Marine Waters by 2020 Protected Ecosystems Clean, healthy, productive seas Sustainable Uses of Europe’s marine resources Common Approaches Cooperation at the EU and regional level Implementation Steps Initial Assessment, determine GES, set targets 2012 (+ 6 years) Six-year review 2018 – 2021 Main steps of a Marine Strategy: • Initial assessment (IA) of current environmental status of MS waters • Determination of GES Implementation of measures Monitoring Programmes 2016 2014 Programmes of Measures 2015 • Establishment of environmental targets and associated indicators • Monitoring programme for ongoing assessment and regular updating of targets • Programme of measures to achieve or maintain GES • Review of the different steps Regional approach/coordination MSFD regions and subregions 40°N Draft map: October 2012 30°W 20°W 10°W 30°N 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E MSFD Marine regions and sub-regions (Light shading indicate areas of non-MS waters) Baltic Sea 20°N North-east Atlantic Ocean Greater North Sea, incl. the Kattegat and the English Channel 30°W 20°W 10°W 0° 10°E 20°E 30°E Celtic Seas Bay of Biscay and the Iberian Coast Macaronesia MSFD Marine regions and sub-regions • Mediterranean Sea Western Mediterranean Sea Adriatic Sea • Ionian Sea and the Central Mediterranean Sea Aegean-Levantine Sea Black Sea MS subsoil/seabed only areas (not formally agreed) GES is determined at Region or Subregion level Baltic Sea (Art. 3.5) North-east Atlantic Ocean Coherent, coordinated and common approaches Greater North Sea, incl. the Kattegat and the English Channel Celtic5.2) Seas (Art. Bay of Biscay and the Iberian Coast Achieved through Regional Sea Conventions Macaronesia (Art. 6) & Mediterranean Sea Common Implementation Strategy Western Mediterranean Sea (CIS) (Light shading indicate areas of non-MS waters) • What is GES? GES definition (Art. 3.5) • Ecologically diverse and dynamic seas which are clean, healthy and productive • Use of environment is at a sustainable level • Fully functioning and resilient ecosystem • Biodiversity decline is prevented, biodiversity is in balance and protected • Hydro-morphological, physical and chemical state support above • No pollution effects What is GES? – Annex I Descriptors No. Topic 1 Biological diversity 2 Non-indigenous species 3 Commercial fish & shellfish 4 Food-webs 5 Eutrophication 6 Sea-floor integrity 7 Hydrography 8 Contaminants 9 Contaminants in seafood 10 Litter 11 Energy, incl. underwater noise 7 2012 reporting requirements • Article 8 – Initial assessment of MS marine waters • Characteristics and status of MS marine waters, based on Annex III, Table 1 • Analysis of pressures and impacts, based on Annex III, Table 2 • An economic & social analysis, and cost of degradation • Article 9 - Determination of GES • Based on GES Descriptors (Annex I) and GES criteria (Decision 2010) • Article 10 – Series of environmental targets and associated indicators 8 Reporting status • • By June 2013, 20 MS have reported on Articles 8, 9 and 10 17 MS reported both paper report and reporting sheets – information available on EEA CDR: http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/recent_etc?RA_ID=608 • The reporting shows the huge amount of work that went into preparing these reports in Member States • Most recent information on state of marine environment, its pressures and its uses • Based on existing assessments or on new assessments • New data collation and processing e.g. mapping of pressures and activities (e.g. Harmony project for eastern North Sea) A vast amount of quantitative and qualitative information on the State of European Seas is gathered Comparability of good environmental status, of data and an overall lack of coherence make this information difficult to interpret • • Initial Assessment Litter D.10 14% Contaminants D.8 29% 17% Hydrography D.7 43% 42% 38% 0% 14% 33% 13% 25% 50% 50% 75% Level of impact assessed using GES Determination Level of impact assessed using various standards Level of impact not assessed Unclear 8% 100% Assessing pressures & impacts Key MSFD requirements: • To assess scale and levels of impact from pressures • To assess status of predominant habitat types of water column and seabed • To determine GES at level of region or subregion Major new challenges for Member States at this scale Mapping and modelling are important Regional Sea Convention processes to develop common indicators and assessments HELCOM Baltic Sea pressure index 15 Baltic Sea predominant habitat types 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 Broad habitat type Rock Till Mixed Coarse 0 Sand Red=high impact Green=low impact 70000 Mud Extent of all benthic habitats impacted by anthropogenic pressures in circalittoral zone Extent of habitat type km2 80000 MSFD predominant habitat typology Predominant habitat types Substrate Zone boundary (approx. m) 0 50 200 1100 2700 Rock incl. mixed hard substrata, Coarse biogenic reefs Sediment Sand Mud Mixed sediment Water column Zone Littoral Sublittoral shallow Sublittoral - shelf Marine – Coastal Marine – shelf Bathyal – upper Bathyal - lower Abyssal Marine Oceanic MAES draft ‘ecosystem’ typology – very broad categories Seabed + water column Equates directly with MSFD predominant habitats MAES marine ecosystem typology Marine inlets Coastal Shelf 50-70m 200m 5000m Open ocean/ deep sea MAES marine ecosystem typology Estuary Mm Embayment Marine inlets Fjord Lagoon Next phases for MSFD Monitoring programmes in 2014 Programme of measures by 2015 • Key focus on reductions in pressures from human activities to reduce environmental impacts and thus achieve GES MAES and MSFD Challenges: • Definition of GES is unclear • Actions needed to achieve GES are unclear • Industries may see achieving GES as a ‘burden’ rather than a benefit Where can MAES demonstrate: • That achieving GES is important to ecosystem structure and functioning? • This, in turn, is important to delivery of ecosystem services (goods and services) • Where can MAES demonstrate benefits of a good environmental status? http://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine Thank you for your attention