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Unit 4: Natural Selection & Evolution
“Who Wants to Live a Million Years?”
http://www.sciencechannel.com/games-and-interactives/charles-darwin-game/
Introduction
 Charles Darwin was a British
_________________________________. His
observations led him to formulate the theory of
______________________________. He believed this
drove
________________________ .
Natural Selection
 Every species exhibits
________________________________. Variation can be
seen in __________________________________________.
 Many _____________________ are passed from parents
to their _____________________.
 Life in the wild is ___________________________, and
organisms with the most beneficial traits will prosper. This is commonly known as
________________________
Darwin’s Bio
 Dawin was born in ______________________ and studied _______________________
 The boat that Darwin sailed on when he visited the Galapagos Islands was
called________________________________
 Darwin published his book in 1859. It is called _____________________________.
Vocabulary
Evolution
Variation
Natural Selection
Reproduction
Trait
Offspring
Species
Survival Game
Object of the game: You will be choosing different traits of the same species to reproduce
and make a population. If you have good traits then your species will survive. If you want
you can use a genetic mutation life preserver to add another trait variation into the
experiment. You can do this twice in the game. If your population doesn’t have enough
variation they might not survive the changes to their environment. Make sure to read all
instructions and refer to this worksheet. Begin playing!!!!
Simulation 1:
Organisms Descriptions:
Environmental Changes and Survivors
Missing traits:
Simulation 2:
Organisms Descriptions:
Environmental Changes and Survivors
Missing traits:
Simulation 3:
Organisms Descriptions:
Environmental Changes and Survivors
Missing traits:
Simulation 4:
Organisms Descriptions:
Environmental Changes and Survivors
Missing traits:
Practice Quiz
1. In the first part of the explanation for Darwin’s theory of natural selection, every species
exhibits what?
2. What was the name of the ship that Darwin served as naturalist aboard from 1831 to
1836?
3. Natural selection is only one of the processes of evolution. What is one other process
that can cause change in a species over time?
4. A species of organism has survived in a mild environment for thousands of years.
Suddenly, the climate becomes much colder. Which of the following traits might help
the species survive?
5. In 1835, Darwin studied variations in plants and animals on the Galapagos Islands. The
islands are located off the coast of what major continent?
6. Which of the following traits might be passed from parent to offspring but not
necessarily be beneficial to the survival of the species?
7. Part 3 of Darwin’s theory of natural selection states that life in the wild is competitive,
and organisms with the most beneficial traits prosper. What is this commonly known
as?
8. In what book did Darwin publish his main theories on evolutionary selection?
9. How do you get to Carnegie Hall?
10. In the survival game, how long are you trying to keep your theoretical species alive
and prospering?
Notes 13.1 & 13.2 – Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
13.7 & 13.8 – Evolution of Populations
Objective: SWBAT explain _______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
HS-LS4-2
 Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily
results from four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the
heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual
reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those
organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.
1.
13.1 A sea voyage helped Darwin frame his theory of evolution
A five-year voyage around the world helped Darwin make observations that would lead
to his theory of _________________________________ , the idea that Earth’s many species
are descendants of ancestral species that were ____________________________.
2.
Some early ______________________________________________ suggested that life might
change gradually over time.
3.
_________________________________ are the imprints or remains of organisms that lived in
the past. In the century prior to Darwin, fossils suggested that species had indeed
changed over time.
4.
In the early 1800s, _______________________________________________________ suggested
that life on Earth evolves, but by a different mechanism than that proposed by Darwin.
Lamarck proposed that
 organisms evolve by the __________________________________ of body parts
 these _______________________________________ are passed on to offspring.
5.
During his voyage, Darwin collected thousands of plants and animals and noted their
characteristics that made them well
_____________________________________________.
6.
In 1859, Darwin published _____________________
_______________________ by Means of Natural
Selection, an explanation of __________________
_____________________________________________.
Evolution by natural selection caused accumulated
____________________________________, which
allowed organisms to fit into their environments.
13.2 Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution
7. Darwin devoted much of The Origin of Species to exploring adaptations of organisms to
their environment.
Darwin discussed many examples of __________________________________________, in
which humans have modified species through selection and breeding.
Figure 13.2: Examples
8.
Darwin reasoned that
 organisms with traits that _______________________________ their chance of
surviving and reproducing in their environment tend to leave more offspring
than others and
 this unequal reproduction will lead to the __________________________________
of favorable traits in a population over generations.
9.
There are three key points about evolution by natural selection that clarify this process.
 Individuals do not evolve: _____________________________________ evolve.
 Natural selection can amplify or diminish only heritable traits.
_______________________characteristics cannot be passed on to offspring.
 Evolution is not goal directed and does not lead to perfection. Favorable
traits vary _______________________________________________________.
13.7 Evolution occurs within populations
10. A population is
 a group of individuals of the ______________________________________ and
 living in the ___________________________________________ at the same time.
 Populations may be _____________________ from one another (with little interbreeding).
 We can measure evolution as a ______________________________ in heritable traits in a
population over generations.
11. A gene pool is the ___________________________ of genes in a population at any one time.
Population genetics studies how populations _______________________________________.
13.8 Mutation and sexual reproduction produce the genetic variation that makes evolution
possible
12. Organisms typically show __________________________________________________________.
However, in The Origin of Species, Darwin could not explain
the ____________________________ of variation among individuals
how variations were __________________ from parents to offspring.
13. Mutations are
changes in the nucleotide sequence of ___________________________ and
the ultimate source of _____________________________________________.
14. On rare occasions, ______________________________________________ improve the
adaptation of an individual to its environment.
Example:
15. New combinations of the parental genes are created by _____________________________
and exchanging alleles. Further variation arises when sperm _________________________
unite with eggs in fertilization.
You should now be able to
o Explain how Darwin’s voyage on the Beagle influenced his thinking about
natural selection.
o Explain why individuals cannot evolve and why evolution does not lead to
perfectly adapted organisms.
o Describe two examples of natural selection known to occur in nature.
o Define the gene pool, a population, and microevolution.
o Explain how mutation and sexual reproduction produce genetic variation.