Download Test Review Sheet - Lyndhurst Schools

Name ________________________________________ Date ___________________________
Test Review Chapter 9 DNA
1. Define the following:
Complementary base pairing –
Proteins –
Polymerase chain reaction –
DNA typing –
Tandem repeats RFLP (include length) –
STR (length?) –
Electrophoresis –
Restriction enzyme Loci –
CODIS –
2. What are the three major components of DNA?
3. What are the four nitrogenous bases?
4. The building blocks of DNA are known as _________________________.
5. Who developed DNA typing? ______________________________
6) DNA is a(n):
A) polymer.
B) enzyme.
C) starch.
D) protein.
7) The specific proteins produced by a cell are directly related to the:
A) number of mitochondria in the cell.
B) length of the chromosomes.
C) sequence of sugars and phosphates in the cell.
D) sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of the cell.
E) size of the cell.
8) What is the number of nitrogenous bases needed to code for a specific amino acid?
A) 4
C) 6
B) 5
D) 3
Forensic Science
9)
In DNA replication, polymerases:
A) enable the strands to unwind from the helix.
B) help assemble the new DNA strands in proper base sequence.
C) separate the strands of the double helix.
D) B and C only.
10. By how much does DNA differ from person to person?
A) 5%
C) 20%
B) 2%
D) 0.10%
11. Which of the following is not needed for PCR?
A) primer
B) hydrogen bonds
C) DNA polymerase
D) nucleotides
12. In PCR, DNA is heated to about 94oC to
A) denature the DNA and unzip the double helix
B) anneal primer to the single DNA strand
C) mutate the DNA to create different alleles
D) extend the DNA with nucleotides
13. What are three uses for DNA profiling?
14. What distinguishes one individual’s DNA from another individual’s DNA?
A) proteins
C) tandem repeats
B) coded regions of DNA
D) nucleotides
15. What are the two major Tandem repeats used for DNA analysis called?
16) Which statement about tandem repeats is NOT true?
A) They are found between the coded regions of DNA.
B) Their origin is a mystery.
C) They are of no forensic interest.
D) More than 30% of the human genome is composed of these repeating units.
17) Which statement about RFLPs is NOT true?
A) There is little variation in the number of repeats from person to person.
B) Analysis is undertaken using a technique called X-ray diffraction.
C) Restriction enzymes are used to cut RFLPs from the DNA helix.
D) Typically a core repeat sequence would consist of 15-35 bases.
18. What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?
19) The transfer of DNA fragments onto a nylon membrane is called:
A) PCR.
C) Southern blotting.
B) replication.
D) hybridization.
20) Radioactive probes are used:
A) to visualize RFLPs.
B) as molecular scissors.
C)
D)
as primers for DNA polymerase.
as restriction enzymes.
21) Which of the following is in the correct sequence?
A) addition of radioactive probe → gel electrophoresis → hybridization → Southern blotting → addition
of restriction enzymes → visualization of DNA fragments
B) addition of radioactive probe → Southern blotting → gel electrophoresis → hybridization →
visualization of DNA fragments on x-ray film
C) extraction of DNA from cells → hybridization → Southern blotting → gel electrophoresis →
visualization of DNA fragments
D) extraction of DNA from cells → gel electrophoresis → Southern blotting → hybridization →
visualization of DNA fragments on x-ray film
E) Southern blotting → gel electrophoresis → addition of restriction enzymes → addition of radioactive
probe → visualization of DNA fragments
22) The rate at which large DNA fragments move through the electrophoretic gel is ________ the rate at
which small DNA fragments move through the same apparatus.
A) greater than
B) the same as
C)
less than
23. What is the difference between STRs and RFLPs? Which tandem repeat analysis is the most common method?
24) What is an advantage of working with STRs?
A) They are more stable and less likely to break apart.
B) Their quantity can be greatly amplified by PCR technology.
C) They are less subject to degradation due to adverse environmental conditions.
D) all of the above
E) A and B only
25) STR analysis has replaced RFLP DNA typing because it:
A) can be implemented using the PCR.
B) is less subject to sample degradation.
C) requires a smaller sample size.
D) reduces time to obtain results from a sample.
E) all of the above
26) The amount of DNA material required for STR analysis is ________ the amount of DNA required for
RFLP analysis.
A) greater than
B) the same as
C) less than
27. What is the function of CODIS?
28) The amount of DNA material required for STR analysis is ________ the amount of DNA required for
RFLP analysis.
A) greater than
B) the same as
C) less than
29. Can PCR be performed on STRs or RFLPs? ______________ Why? __________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
30) Using the low copy number DNA protocol, analysts are able to examine samples containing as few as ________
cells.
A) 800
C) 180
B) 18
D) 2000
31) Small amounts of blood are best submitted to a crime laboratory:
A) after dried
B) after removal from surface of deposition and rehydration
C) immediately while still wet
D) in a druggists fold
32) Whole blood collected for DNA typing purposes must be placed in a vacuum containing the preservative
___________.
A) EDTA
C) Rh factor
B) CODIS
D) ethylene glycol
Essays
33. a) Explain the process of polymerase chain reaction by listing the steps in detail.
b) Why would a forensic scientist want to replicate DNA in the laboratory? (Think of crime scenes)
34. Explain what is meant by RFLP analysis and list the steps to analyze RFLPs in detail.
35. In our cheek cell DNA extraction lab we added extraction buffer and alcohol to our cheek cells.
a)
What did the extraction buffer do when added?
b) What was the purpose of adding alcohol to our sample solution?
c) As DNA are tiny strands that cannot be viewed with the naked eye, how did DNA become visible in our lab?
36. Why should DNA not be packaged in airtight sealed containers? How should they be packaged?