Download 3rd Quarter Assessment Review - Belle Vernon Area School District

rd
3
Quarter Assessment
Review
Mitosis and Meiosis
Diploid Cell
• 2 other names: Body Cell and Somatic Cell
• Made during Mitosis
• 2 exact daughter cells / diploid cells are made
Haploid Cell
• 2 other names: Gamete and Sex Cell
• Made during Meiosis
• 4 haploids are created
Cell Cycle
• 2 parts of the Cell Cycle
• Interphase and “M” phase
• The “M” phase s are-----Mitosis and Meiosis
Cell Cycle
• 2 parts of the Cell Cycle
• Interphase and “M” phase
• The “M” phase s are-----Mitosis and Meiosis
Interphase
• G 1 stage ---cell grows so they can perform their jobs
• Chromosomes are replicated/doubled or DNA replication takes place
in the S Stage of Interphase
• Replicated DNA/Chromosomes----EXACT copies are called
Sister Chromatids
Mitosis
• Cells go through because:
• Replace
• Repair
• Growth
• Asexual Reproduction
• Know what happens in each and what they look like---Mitosis notes
Meiosis
• Cells go through because:
• Sexual Reproduction
• To create haploid cells/gametes/sex cells for reproduction
• Know what each phase look like---Meiosis notes
• There are 8 Total phases: PI, MI, AI, TI, PII, MII, AII, and TII
Organism with 32 chromosomes
• BI----32
• EI---64
• P---64
• M—64
• A---64
• T—32/32
DNA and RNA
DNA Nucleotide
• 1. Phosphate Molecule
• 2. Deoxyribose---Sugar
• 3. Nitrogen Base---Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, or Guanine
Difference Between DNA and RNA
• DNA
• 2 stranded
RNA
1 Stranded
DNA Replication
• Where? Nucleus
• When? During the S stage of Interphase
• Why? To copy the organisms entire genome/chromosome
• How?
• 1. Helicase (1 of 2 enzymes) breaks HYDROGEN bonds
between nitrogen bases
• 2. New DNA nucleotides fill in next to the exposed DNA
nucleotides
• 3. DNA Polymerase (2 of 2 enzymes) finish the process
Protein Synthesis
• Where? Ribosome
• 2 processes---Transcription and Translation
• To find an amino acid…look up CODON
• Example CCC codon = PROLINE
Transcription—What? Making of mRNA from
DNA
• Where? Nucleus
• Why? To make the template for a Protein
• How?
• 1. RNA Polymerase breaks HYDROGEN bonds between
nitrogen bases of the DNA molecule
• 2. An RNA nucleotides NOW fills in next to ONE of the
exposed DNA nucleotides creating a strand of
Messenger/mRNA and continues this process until it reaches
a STOP CODON…
• 3. mRNA releases from DNA to head to the ribosome to be
read (Translated/Translation) into a protein
• 4. DNA zips back up….