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Download Rome -- The Kings, Tarquins and Early Republic
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How did the geography of Rome help in its earliest establishment? THE MYTHOLOGICAL FOUNDING AND MANY TARQUIN RULERS OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC BEGINNINGS LEGENDS Romulus and Remus were: semi-divine, born of Mars and a woman, threatened as babies placed in basket on river rescued by a she wolf raised by a shepherd, built city on land of rescue Romulus jumped a wall on Palatine hill and killed Remus with a brick, Romulus named the city after himself, Rome. BEGINNINGS LEGENDS Another story is The Aeneid, by Virgil,featuring Aeneas, (a-KNEE-us) a survivor of Troy in the myth, The Illiad, Aeneas built the city and his sons were Romulus and Remus The historical truth: seven villages of Latins which were separated by swamp, were attacked by the Sabines and the Etruscans, then unified ROMULUS Responsible for beginning Rome’s development Established the 100 patres, founding the patrician class and senate Made Capitoline Hill an asylum for fugitives w/o women TITUS TATIUS Leader of the Sabines lived at same time as Romulus Enlarged the city Started several religious cults Borrowing from conquered cultures NUMA POMPILIUS Founded religious temples and offices Vestal Virgins Pontifus maximus, chief priest of Rome (one leader for government and religion) Possibly a Sabine leader as well TULLUS HOSTILIUS Established Rome’s Senate house the Curia Hostilia Senate ideas from Greece Conquered Alba Longa a city founded by Aeneas’ son Vicious warrior, word hostile traced back to how he treated people ANCUS MARCIUS Enlarged Rome’s territorial control by capturing Etruscan land to the North (Roman expansion) Captured port of Ostia TARQUINIUS PRISCUS Also known as Tarquin the Elder, came to Rome from Etruria, bringing Etruscan customs, culture and builders w/ them (Think of the “Roman sponge”) Built earliest public works, temples on Capitoline hill, a public sewer, fought wars with neighboring cities Arrogant made enemies of the royal clans SERVIUS TULLIUS A slave in the Tarquin household, became king when a Tarquin was murdered Remembered as mild and kind, instituted the census and the assembly Built a wall around Rome still called the Servian wall LUCIUS TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS Known as Tarquin the Proud. Led to a rebellion against the Tarquins led by Brutus. Brutus became one of 1st consuls; he killed his own sons for trying to returns the Tarquins to Power THE REPUBLIC The Senate was made up of 300 upper-class men called patricians and common citizens called plebeians Only patricians could hold office, led by 2 consuls. The senate advised consuls who then ruled, consuls had veto power which means “I forbid.” THE REPUBLIC Dictators could be appointed in an emergency, most famous Cincinnatus who left plowing his fields to lead the army and returned to his mule in one day. Longest rule by a dictator was Sulla who ruled and took the power away from the Senate and Patricians for two years. The last Dictator was Julius Caesar.