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Unit XII: Abnormal Behavior Module 67 Mood Disorders Major Depressive Disorder 67-1 Mood Disorders 67-1 Emotional extremes of mood disorders come in two principal forms: 1. Major depressive disorder 2. Bipolar disorder Major Depressive Disorder Depression is the “common cold” of psychological disorders because of its pervasiveness (though not its seriousness). 67-1 Bipolar Disorder • Formerly called manic-depressive disorder. • An alternation between depression and mania. Depressive Symptoms Manic Symptoms Gloomy Elation Withdrawn Euphoria Inability to make decisions Desire for action Tired Hyperactive Slowness of thought Multiple ideas 67-1 Bipolar Disorder • Many great writers, poets, and composers have suffered from bipolar disorder. • During their manic phase creativity surges. 67-1 Understanding Mood Disorders 67-2 Understanding Depression 67-2 • Because it is so prevalent, researchers want to understand the causes of depression and how to treat it. • Some facts about depression: • Depression is widespread • Most major depressive episodes self-terminate • Stressful events related to work, marriage, etc. often precede depression • With each generation, depression is striking earlier and affecting more people Gender & Major Depression Gender differences (women are nearly twice as vulnerable) 67-2 The Biological Perspective 67-2 • Twin studies indicate a genetic connection to depression. • The rate of depression is higher in identical (70%) than fraternal twins (20%). • New research has also provided insight into brain activity during depressed and manic states The Social-Cognitive Perspective Explanatory style plays a major role in becoming depressed. 67-2 The Depression Cycle 67-2 Suicide & Self-Injury 67-3 Suicide • • 67-3 The most severe form of behavioral response to depression is suicide. Each year some 1 million people commit suicide worldwide. Self-Injury 67-3 • People who struggle with distress sometimes engage in non-suicidal self-injury