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Transcript
Paleozoic Era Pangaea parallel circuit parasitism particulate matter pascal passive immunity passive transport pathogen period period periodic table periosteum peripheral nervous system peristalsis permeable permineralized era of ancient life, which began about 544 million years ago, when organisms developed hard parts, and ended with mass extinctions about 245 million years ago. large ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together. circuit in which electric current has more than one path to follow. a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed. fine solids such as pollen, dust, mold, ash, and soot as well as liquid droplets in the air that can irritate and damage lungs when breathed in. SI unit of pressure. immunity that results when antibodies produced in one animal are introduced into another’s body; does not last as long as active immunity. movement of substances through a cell membrane without the use of cellular energy; includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. disease-producing organism. horizontal row in the periodic table; the amount of time it takes one wavelength to pass a fixed point; is expressed in seconds. third-longest division of geologic time; is subdivided into epochs and is characterized by the types of life that existed worldwide. organized list of all known elements that are arranged by increasing atomic number and by changes in chemical and physical properties. tough, tight-fitting membrane that covers a bone’s surface and contains blood vessels that transport nutrients into the bone. division of the nervous system, made up of all the nerves outside the CNS; connects the brain and spinal cord to other body parts. waves of muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract. describes soil and rock with connecting pores through which water can flow. fossils in which the spaces inside are remains pesticide petroleum pH pharyngeal pouches pharynx phenotype pheromone phloem photochemical smog photon photoperiodism photosphere photosynthesis photovoltaic cell phylogeny physical change filled with minerals from groundwater. substance used to keep insects and weeds from destroying crops and lawns. liquid fossil fuel formed from decayed remains of ancient organisms; can be refined into fuels and used to make plastics. a measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution using a scale ranging from 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most basic. in developing chordates, the paired openings found in the area between the mouth and digestive tube. tubelike passageway for food, liquid, and air. outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism as a result of its genotype. powerful chemical produced by an animal to influence the behavior of another animal of the same species. vascular tissue that forms tubes that transport dissolved sugar throughout a plant. hazy, yellow-brown blanket of smog found over cities that is formed with the help of sunlight, contains ozone near Earth’s surface, and can damage lungs and plants. particle that electromagnetic waves sometimes behave like; has energy that increases as the frequency of the electromagnetic wave increases. a plant’s response to the lengths of daylight and darkness each day. lowest layer of the Sun’s atmosphere; gives off light and has temperatures of about 6,000 K. process by which plants and many other producers use light energy to produce a simple sugar from carbon dioxide and water and give off oxygen. device that converts solar energy into electricity; also called a solar cell. evolutionary history of an organism; used today to group organisms into six kingdoms. any change in size, shape, or state of matter in which the identity of the physical property pigment pioneer species pistil pitch placenta placental plain plane mirror plankton plasma plate tectonics plate plateau platelet plucking substance remains the same. any characteristic of a material, such as size or shape, that you can observe or attempt to observe without changing the identity of the material. colored material that is used to change the color of other substances. species that break down rock and build up decaying plant material so that other plants can grow; first organisms to grow in new or disturbed areas. female reproductive organ inside the flower of an angiosperm; consists of a sticky stigma, where pollen grains land, and an ovary. how high or low a sound seems; related to the frequency of the sound waves. an organ that develops from tissues of the embryo and tissues that line the inside of the uterus and that absorbs oxygen and food from the mother’s blood. a mammal whose offspring develop inside the female’s uterus. large, flat landform that often has thick, fertile soil and is usually found in the interior region of a continent. flat, smooth mirror that reflects light to form upright, virtual images. marine organisms that drift in ocean currents. liquid part of blood, made mostly of water, in which oxygen, nutrients, and minerals are dissolved; matter consisting of positively and negatively charged particles. theory that Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that float and move around on a plasticlike layer of the mantle. a large section of Earth’s oceanic or continental crust and rigid upper mantle that moves around on the asthenosphere. flat, raised landform made up of nearly horizontal rocks that have been uplifted. irregularly shaped cell fragment that helps clot blood and releases chemicals, that help form fibrin. process that adds gravel, sand, and boulders to a glacier’s bottom and sides as water freezes and thaws, breaking off point source pollution polar molecule polar zones polar polarized light pollen grain pollination pollutant pollution polyatomic ion polyethylene polygenic inheritance polymer polyp population postanal tail potential energy pieces of surrounding rock. pollution that enters water from a specific location and can be controlled or treated before it enters a body of water. molecule with a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end as a result of electrons being shared unequally. climate zones that receive solar radiation at a low angle, extend from 66°N and S latitude to the poles, and are never warm. having separated positive and negative areas; polar materials attract water molecules and dissolve easily in water. light whose waves vibrate in only one direction. small structure produced by the male reproductive organs of a seed plant; has a water-resistant coat, can develop from a spore, and contains gametophyte parts that will produce sperm. transfer of pollen grains to the female part of a seed plant by agents such as gravity, water, wind, and animals. substance that contaminates any part of the environment. introduction of wastes to an environment, such as sewage and chemicals, that can damage organisms. positively or negatively charged, covalently bonded group of atoms. polymer formed from a chain containing many ethylene units; often used in plastic bags and plastic bottles. occurs when a group of gene pairs acts together and produces a specific trait, such as human eye color, skin color, or height. class of natural or synthetic substances made up of many smaller, simpler molecules, called monomers, arranged in large chains. cnidarian body type that is vase-shaped and is usually sessile. total number of individuals of one species occupying the same area. muscular structure at the end of a developing chordate. stored energy an object has due to its power Precambrian time precipitate precipitation preening pregnancy pressure primary wave primates prime meridian principle of superposition producer product protein proteins position. amount of work done, or the amount of energy transferred, divided by the time required to do the work or transfer the energy; measured in watts (W). longest part of Earth’s history, lasting from 4.0 billion to about 544 million years ago. insoluble compound that comes out of solution during a double-displacement reaction. water falling from clouds—including rain, snow, sleet, and hail—whose form is determined by air temperature. process in which a bird rubs oil from an oil gland over its feathers to condition them. period of development—usually about 38 or 39 weeks in female humans—from fertilized egg until birth. amount of force exerted per unit area; SI unit is the pascal (Pa). seismic wave that moves rock particles back-and-forth in the same direction that the wave travels. group of mammals including humans, monkeys, and apes that share characteristics such as opposable thumbs, binocular vision, and flexible shoulders. imaginary line that represents 0° longitude and runs from the north pole through Greenwich, England, to the south pole. states that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become progressively younger toward the top. organism, such as a green plant or alga, that uses an outside source of energy like the Sun to create energy-rich food molecules. in a chemical reaction, the new substance that is formed. large molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur and is made up of amino acids; used by the body for growth and for replacement and repair of body cells. large, complex, biological polymers formed from amino acid units; make up prothallus protist proton protozoan pseudopods pulley pulmonary circulation punctuated equilibrium Punnett square many body tissues such as muscles, tendons, hair, and fingernails. small, green, heart-shaped gametophyte plant form of a fern that can make its own food and absorb water and nutrients from the soil. one- or many-celled eukaryotic organism that can be plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike. particle inside the nucleus of an atom that has a charge of 1+. one-celled, animal-like protist that can live in water, soil, and living and dead organisms. temporary cytoplasmic extensions used by some protists to move about and trap food. simple machine that consists of a grooved wheel with a rope, chain, or cable running along the groove; can be either fixed or movable. flow of blood through the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. model describing the rapid evolution that occurs when mutation of a few genes results in a species suddenly changing into a new species. a tool to predict the probability of certain traits in offspring that shows the different ways alleles can combine.