Download Paleozoic Era

Paleozoic Era
Pangaea
parallel circuit
parasitism
particulate matter
pascal
passive immunity
passive transport
pathogen
period
period
periodic table
periosteum
peripheral nervous
system
peristalsis
permeable
permineralized
era of ancient life, which began about
544 million years ago, when organisms
developed hard parts, and ended with mass
extinctions about 245 million years ago.
large ancient landmass that was composed
of all the continents joined together.
circuit in which electric current has
more than one path to follow.
a type of symbiotic relationship in which
one organism benefits and the other
organism is harmed.
fine solids such as pollen, dust, mold,
ash, and soot as well as liquid droplets
in the air that can irritate and damage
lungs when breathed in.
SI unit of pressure.
immunity that results when antibodies
produced in one animal are introduced
into another’s body; does not last as
long as active immunity.
movement of substances through a cell
membrane without the use of cellular
energy; includes diffusion, osmosis, and
facilitated diffusion.
disease-producing organism.
horizontal row in the periodic table; the
amount of time it takes one wavelength to
pass a fixed point; is expressed in
seconds.
third-longest division of geologic time;
is subdivided into epochs and is
characterized by the types of life that
existed worldwide.
organized list of all known elements that
are arranged by increasing atomic number
and by changes in chemical and physical
properties.
tough, tight-fitting membrane that covers
a bone’s surface and contains blood
vessels that transport nutrients into the
bone.
division of the nervous system, made up
of all the nerves outside the CNS;
connects the brain and spinal cord to
other body parts.
waves of muscular contractions that move
food through the digestive tract.
describes soil and rock with connecting
pores through which water can flow.
fossils in which the spaces inside are
remains
pesticide
petroleum
pH
pharyngeal pouches
pharynx
phenotype
pheromone
phloem
photochemical smog
photon
photoperiodism
photosphere
photosynthesis
photovoltaic cell
phylogeny
physical change
filled with minerals from groundwater.
substance used to keep insects and weeds
from destroying crops and lawns.
liquid fossil fuel formed from decayed
remains of ancient organisms; can be
refined into fuels and used to make
plastics.
a measure of the concentration of
hydronium ions in a solution using a
scale ranging from 0 to 14, with 0 being
the most acidic and 14 being the most
basic.
in developing chordates, the paired
openings found in the area between the
mouth and digestive tube.
tubelike passageway for food, liquid, and
air.
outward physical appearance and behavior
of an organism as a result of its
genotype.
powerful chemical produced by an animal
to influence the behavior of another
animal of the same species.
vascular tissue that forms tubes that
transport dissolved sugar throughout a
plant.
hazy, yellow-brown blanket of smog found
over cities that is formed with the help
of sunlight, contains ozone near Earth’s
surface, and can damage lungs and plants.
particle that electromagnetic waves
sometimes behave like; has energy that
increases as the frequency of the
electromagnetic wave increases.
a plant’s response to the lengths of
daylight and darkness each day.
lowest layer of the Sun’s atmosphere;
gives off light and has temperatures of
about 6,000 K.
process by which plants and many other
producers use light energy to produce a
simple sugar from carbon dioxide and
water and give off oxygen.
device that converts solar energy into
electricity; also called a solar cell.
evolutionary history of an organism; used
today to group organisms into six
kingdoms.
any change in size, shape, or state of
matter in which the identity of the
physical property
pigment
pioneer species
pistil
pitch
placenta
placental
plain
plane mirror
plankton
plasma
plate tectonics
plate
plateau
platelet
plucking
substance remains the same.
any characteristic of a material, such as
size or shape, that you can observe or
attempt to observe without changing the
identity of the material.
colored material that is used to change
the color of other substances.
species that break down rock and build up
decaying plant material so that other
plants can grow; first organisms to grow
in new or disturbed areas.
female reproductive organ inside the
flower of an angiosperm; consists of a
sticky stigma, where pollen grains land,
and an ovary.
how high or low a sound seems; related to
the frequency of the sound waves.
an organ that develops from tissues of
the embryo and tissues that line the
inside of the uterus and that absorbs
oxygen and food from the mother’s blood.
a mammal whose offspring develop inside
the female’s uterus.
large, flat landform that often has
thick, fertile soil and is usually found
in the interior region of a continent.
flat, smooth mirror that reflects light
to form upright, virtual images.
marine organisms that drift in ocean
currents.
liquid part of blood, made mostly of
water, in which oxygen, nutrients, and
minerals are dissolved; matter consisting
of positively and negatively charged
particles.
theory that Earth’s crust and upper
mantle are broken into plates that float
and move around on a plasticlike layer of
the mantle.
a large section of Earth’s oceanic or
continental crust and rigid upper mantle
that moves around on the asthenosphere.
flat, raised landform made up of nearly
horizontal rocks that have been uplifted.
irregularly shaped cell fragment that
helps clot blood and releases chemicals,
that help form fibrin.
process that adds gravel, sand, and
boulders to a glacier’s bottom and sides
as water freezes and thaws, breaking off
point source
pollution
polar molecule
polar zones
polar
polarized light
pollen grain
pollination
pollutant
pollution
polyatomic ion
polyethylene
polygenic
inheritance
polymer
polyp
population
postanal tail
potential energy
pieces of surrounding rock.
pollution that enters water from a
specific location and can be controlled
or treated before it enters a body of
water.
molecule with a slightly positive end and
a slightly negative end as a result of
electrons being shared unequally.
climate zones that receive solar
radiation at a low angle, extend from
66°N and S latitude to the poles, and are
never warm.
having separated positive and negative
areas; polar materials attract water
molecules and dissolve easily in water.
light whose waves vibrate in only one
direction.
small structure produced by the male
reproductive organs of a seed plant; has
a water-resistant coat, can develop from
a spore, and contains gametophyte parts
that will produce sperm.
transfer of pollen grains to the female
part of a seed plant by agents such as
gravity, water, wind, and animals.
substance that contaminates any part of
the environment.
introduction of wastes to an environment,
such as sewage and chemicals, that can
damage organisms.
positively or negatively charged,
covalently bonded group of atoms.
polymer formed from a chain containing
many ethylene units; often used in
plastic bags and plastic bottles.
occurs when a group of gene pairs acts
together and produces a specific trait,
such as human eye color, skin color, or
height.
class of natural or synthetic substances
made up of many smaller, simpler
molecules, called monomers, arranged in
large chains.
cnidarian body type that is vase-shaped
and is usually sessile.
total number of individuals of one
species occupying the same area.
muscular structure at the end of a
developing chordate.
stored energy an object has due to its
power
Precambrian time
precipitate
precipitation
preening
pregnancy
pressure
primary wave
primates
prime meridian
principle of
superposition
producer
product
protein
proteins
position.
amount of work done, or the amount of
energy transferred, divided by the time
required to do the work or transfer the
energy; measured in watts (W).
longest part of Earth’s history, lasting
from 4.0 billion to about 544 million
years ago.
insoluble compound that comes out of
solution during a double-displacement
reaction.
water falling from clouds—including rain,
snow, sleet, and hail—whose form is
determined by air temperature.
process in which a bird rubs oil from an
oil gland over its feathers to condition
them.
period of development—usually about 38 or
39 weeks in female humans—from fertilized
egg until birth.
amount of force exerted per unit area; SI
unit is the pascal (Pa).
seismic wave that moves rock particles
back-and-forth in the same direction that
the wave travels.
group of mammals including humans,
monkeys, and apes that share
characteristics such as opposable thumbs,
binocular vision, and flexible shoulders.
imaginary line that represents 0°
longitude and runs from the north pole
through Greenwich, England, to the south
pole.
states that in undisturbed rock layers,
the oldest rocks are on the bottom and
the rocks become progressively younger
toward the top.
organism, such as a green plant or alga,
that uses an outside source of energy
like the Sun to create energy-rich food
molecules.
in a chemical reaction, the new substance
that is formed.
large molecule that contains carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes
sulfur and is made up of amino acids;
used by the body for growth and for
replacement and repair of body cells.
large, complex, biological polymers
formed from amino acid units; make up
prothallus
protist
proton
protozoan
pseudopods
pulley
pulmonary
circulation
punctuated
equilibrium
Punnett square
many body tissues such as muscles,
tendons, hair, and fingernails.
small, green, heart-shaped gametophyte
plant form of a fern that can make its
own food and absorb water and nutrients
from the soil.
one- or many-celled eukaryotic organism
that can be plantlike, animal-like, or
funguslike.
particle inside the nucleus of an atom
that has a charge of 1+.
one-celled, animal-like protist that can
live in water, soil, and living and dead
organisms.
temporary cytoplasmic extensions used by
some protists to move about and trap
food.
simple machine that consists of a grooved
wheel with a rope, chain, or cable
running along the groove; can be either
fixed or movable.
flow of blood through the heart to the
lungs and back to the heart.
model describing the rapid evolution that
occurs when mutation of a few genes
results in a species suddenly changing
into a new species.
a tool to predict the probability of
certain traits in offspring that shows
the different ways alleles can combine.