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Transcript
Name: _____________________ Period: _______ Change Over Time Test Review - Answer KEY Adaptations, Variations, Mutations, Biodiversity, Sustainability, Natural Selection and Dichotomous Keys 1. Place the following terms in the correct location below to demonstrate your knowledge of adaptations and variations: phototropism, migration, xylem, mimicry, webbed feet, gills, hollow bones, sprouting, storing food in a bulb, camouflage, budding, beak/claws, and hibernation. Behavioral Adaptations 1. Migration 2. Hibernation 3. Mimicry 4. Camouflage Animals Structural/Physical Adaptations 1. Webbed feet 2. Gills 3. Hollow bones 4. Beak/claws Plants Structural/Physical Adaptations 1. Xylem 2. Sprouting 2. Storing food in a 3. Budding bulb Behavioral Adaptations 1. Phototropism 2. Define the following terms and give an example from class: a. Adaptation- A variation that is favorable to an organism’s ability to reproduce & survive b. Variation- Differences among members of the same species c. Mutation- Change in a gene of an organism’s DNA d. Natural Selection- Environmental pressures causing change over time e. Artificial selection- Human interference with selecting favorable traits to reproduce or survive f. Selective breeding- Human interference with selecting favorable traits to reproduce or survive g. Evolution- Change over time h. Sustainability- The ability of the environment to meet the needs of living organisms indefinitely i. Biodiversity- Bio=life + diverse=different, variety of living things 3. What is the most useful tool for identifying and classifying organisms? Dichotomous Keys 4. What are the five steps for using a dichotomous key? a. Choose an organism to identify b. Start a series of statements called couplet, read each carefully c. Decide which works best for your organism d. Follow directions that goes with your organism e. Continue this way until you reach the name of your organism 5. Use the dichotomous key to name bird X: __Camarhynchus________________ 6. The illustration traces the development of the Corgi over generations as a result of human activity. What is this an example of? Explain your answer. Selective breeding (aka artificial selection) – Humans selected the traits to reproduce 7. Which process does the diagram to the left best represent--- What is the process called? In your own words describe what happens during this process. Natural Selection – “survival of the fittest” - Overtime the species changes because only the fittest survive and pass on their traits 8. During the year 1977 there was an extremely long drought which killed off most of the food supply (seeds) for a species of finch. Only the finches with the largest beaks were able to find enough food to survive and reproduce. What would you expect to happen to the beak size based on the principle of natural selection? Beak size will change over time to become larger 9. The diagram to the right shows how the length of a giraffe’s neck has changed over time. Describe how this occurred. Due to the environmental pressures, the giraffes that had the adaptation for a longer neck were able to survive and reproduce. This caused longer necks to become the more common trait among the giraffes 10. List several examples of mutagens. Chemicals, radiation, cigarette smoke 11. Most mutations that occur areNeutral (not good or bad) 12. Mutations are an important part of change in a species over time because mutations causevariations. These variations if favorable to an organism will become adaptations over time. 13. In class we studied adaptations of the following organisms. Fill in their correct adaptation and describe how the adaptation helps the organism survive in their natural environment. Organism Adaptation Description Bird Hollow bones Lighter so they can fly Fish Gills Breathe underwater Plant Xylem Help water flow from roots to leaves 14. Describe the relationship between mutations, variation, and adaptation. Mutations cause changes in the genes of an organism. These changes will then cause differences to appear among organisms of a species called variation. If these variations are favorable and help the organism to survive, they are then known as adaptations Mutation -> Variation -> Adaptation 15. What is the name of the scientist who discovered that evolution occurs through the process of natural selection? Charles Darwin 16. Compare and contrast natural selection and artificial selection. Natural = No human interference Artificial = Human’s choose (interference) 17. Dichotomous Key 1A: The organism has circle-shaped eyes: Go to 2 B: The organism does not have circle-shaped eyes: Go to 5 2A: The organism has two arms: Go to 3 B: The organism has more than two arms: Go to 4 3A: The organism has a straight mouth: Harold B: The organism has a curved mouth: Nathan 4A: The organism has a straight mouth: Phil B: The organism has a curved mouth: Telula 5A: The organism has a curved mouth: Shawn B: The organism has a straight mouth: Lebron What is the name of organism #5? Nathan Which organism is named Lebron? #4 18. A population of bunnies was 50% white and 50% brown. Due to global warming, all of the snow in their environment melted and never came back. What effect would you expect this change in the environment to have on the bunny population? Explain. White population would decrease or die out due to being spotted more easily by predators 19. The size of an ear of corn has increased over the past 1000 years. How has this occurred? Selective Breeding (aka Artificial selection) 20. Complete the chart below about biomes: Biome Desert Description - Very Dry - Soil rocky or sandy - Hot day, cold night Adaptations - Nocturnal - Camouflage Tundra - Low temperatures - Little rain - Arctic - Migration Hibernation Store fat Camouflage - High average temperatures - Wet and dry seasons - Camouflage Speed Live underground Sharp vision - Moderate rain - Hot summer, cold winter - Hibernation Store fat Migration Camouflage change with seasons Taiga - Low average temperatures - More rain than the Tundra - Thick fur - Eat seeds of conference trees Tropical Rainforest - Equator - Warm throughout the year - A lot of rain - Adapted to a hot and very wet climate - Mimicry - Camouflage Grassland Deciduous Forest