Download Change Over Time Review ANSWER KEY

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Change Over Time Test Review - Answer KEY
Adaptations, Variations, Mutations, Biodiversity, Sustainability, Natural Selection and Dichotomous Keys
1. Place the following terms in the correct location below to demonstrate your knowledge of
adaptations and variations: phototropism, migration, xylem, mimicry, webbed feet, gills, hollow
bones, sprouting, storing food in a bulb, camouflage, budding, beak/claws, and hibernation.
Behavioral
Adaptations
1. Migration
2. Hibernation
3. Mimicry
4. Camouflage
Animals
Structural/Physical
Adaptations
1. Webbed feet
2. Gills
3. Hollow bones
4. Beak/claws
Plants
Structural/Physical
Adaptations
1. Xylem
2. Sprouting
2. Storing food in a
3. Budding
bulb
Behavioral
Adaptations
1. Phototropism
2. Define the following terms and give an example from class:
a. Adaptation- A variation that is favorable to an organism’s ability to reproduce & survive
b. Variation- Differences among members of the same species
c. Mutation- Change in a gene of an organism’s DNA
d. Natural Selection- Environmental pressures causing change over time
e. Artificial selection- Human interference with selecting favorable traits to reproduce or survive
f.
Selective breeding- Human interference with selecting favorable traits to reproduce or survive
g. Evolution- Change over time
h. Sustainability- The ability of the environment to meet the needs of living organisms indefinitely
i.
Biodiversity- Bio=life + diverse=different, variety of living things
3. What is the most useful tool for identifying and classifying organisms?
Dichotomous Keys
4. What are the five steps for using a dichotomous key?
a. Choose an organism to identify
b. Start a series of statements called couplet, read each carefully
c. Decide which works best for your organism
d. Follow directions that goes with your organism
e. Continue this way until you reach the name of your organism
5. Use the dichotomous key to name bird X: __Camarhynchus________________
6. The illustration traces the development of the Corgi over
generations as a result of human activity. What is this an
example of? Explain your answer.
Selective breeding (aka artificial selection)
– Humans selected the traits to reproduce
7. Which process does the diagram to the left
best represent--- What is the process called?
In your own words describe what happens
during this process.
Natural Selection – “survival of the fittest”
-
Overtime the species changes
because only the fittest survive and
pass on their traits
8. During the year 1977 there was an extremely long
drought which killed off most of the food supply
(seeds) for a species of finch. Only the finches with
the largest beaks were able to find enough food to
survive and reproduce. What would you expect to
happen to the beak size based on the principle of
natural selection?
Beak size will change over time to become larger
9. The diagram to the right shows how the length of a giraffe’s neck has
changed over time. Describe how this occurred.
Due to the environmental pressures, the giraffes that had the adaptation for a
longer neck were able to survive and reproduce. This caused longer necks to
become the more common trait among the giraffes
10. List several examples of mutagens.
Chemicals, radiation, cigarette smoke
11. Most mutations that occur areNeutral (not good or bad)
12. Mutations are an important part of change in a species over time because mutations causevariations. These variations if favorable to an organism will become adaptations over time.
13. In class we studied adaptations of the following organisms. Fill in their correct adaptation and
describe how the adaptation helps the organism survive in their natural environment.
Organism
Adaptation
Description
Bird
Hollow bones
Lighter so they can fly
Fish
Gills
Breathe underwater
Plant
Xylem
Help water flow from
roots to leaves
14. Describe the relationship between mutations, variation, and adaptation.
Mutations cause changes in the genes of an organism. These changes will then cause differences to
appear among organisms of a species called variation. If these variations are favorable and help the
organism to survive, they are then known as adaptations
Mutation -> Variation -> Adaptation
15. What is the name of the scientist who discovered that evolution occurs through the process of
natural selection?
Charles Darwin
16. Compare and contrast natural selection and artificial selection.
Natural = No human interference
Artificial = Human’s choose (interference)
17.
Dichotomous Key
1A: The organism has circle-shaped eyes: Go to 2
B: The organism does not have circle-shaped eyes: Go
to 5
2A: The organism has two arms: Go to 3
B: The organism has more than two arms: Go to 4
3A: The organism has a straight mouth: Harold
B: The organism has a curved mouth: Nathan
4A: The organism has a straight mouth: Phil
B: The organism has a curved mouth: Telula
5A: The organism has a curved mouth: Shawn
B: The organism has a straight mouth: Lebron
What is the name of organism #5? Nathan
Which organism is named Lebron? #4
18. A population of bunnies was 50% white and 50% brown. Due to global warming, all of the snow
in their environment melted and never came back. What effect would you expect this change in
the environment to have on the bunny population? Explain.
White population would decrease or die out due to being spotted more easily by predators
19. The size of an ear of corn has increased over the past 1000 years. How has this occurred?
Selective Breeding (aka Artificial selection)
20. Complete the chart below about biomes:
Biome
Desert
Description
- Very Dry
- Soil rocky or sandy
- Hot day, cold night
Adaptations
- Nocturnal
- Camouflage
Tundra
- Low temperatures
- Little rain
- Arctic
-
Migration
Hibernation
Store fat
Camouflage
- High average temperatures
- Wet and dry seasons
-
Camouflage
Speed
Live underground
Sharp vision
- Moderate rain
- Hot summer, cold winter
-
Hibernation
Store fat
Migration
Camouflage change with
seasons
Taiga
- Low average temperatures
- More rain than the Tundra
- Thick fur
- Eat seeds of conference
trees
Tropical Rainforest
- Equator
- Warm throughout the year
- A lot of rain
- Adapted to a hot and very
wet climate
- Mimicry
- Camouflage
Grassland
Deciduous Forest