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Warm-Up (2/3) On the piece of white paper from the back, answer the following question. Explain how a retrovirus can acquire genetic variation. Name Date Period 1C.3b: Scientific evidence supports the idea that evolution continues to occur. Illustrative example: Emergent diseases 1A.1c: Genetic variation and mutation play roles in natural selection. A diverse gene pool is important for the survival of a species in a changing environment. 1A.1d: Environments can be more or less stable or fluctuating, and this affects evolutionary rate and direction; different genetic variations can be selected in each generation. 1A.1e: An adaptation is a genetic variation that is favored by selection and is manifested as a trait that provides an advantage to an organism in a particular environment. 1A.2b: Phenotypic variations are not directed by the environment but occur through random changes in the DNA and through new gene combinations. Genetic Variation in Natural Selection Healthy populations have much genetic variation. % of DNA identical to Fleenor’s: Genetic Variation in Natural Selection Healthy populations have much genetic variation. % of DNA identical to Fleenor’s: DNA differences caused by mutations. Genetic Variation in Natural Selection Variation caused by mutations in gametes. Changed cell Changed seed DNA differences caused by mutations. Genetic Variation in Natural Selection Environments can be stable or fluctuate. Generation after generation, different phenotypes can be selected. Change in Winter Temperatures from Average * Hairless mutant sperm * Furry mutant sperm Genetic Variation in Natural Selection Healthy populations have much genetic variation. Selection is only possible with a diverse gene pool. Genetic Variation in Natural Selection Healthy populations have much genetic variation. The selected trait is an adaptation. Selection is only possible with a diverse gene pool. Genetic Variation in Natural Selection Case in Point: the Zika Virus Infects humans Infects monkeys Pre-2014 Genetic Variation in Natural Selection Case in Point: the Zika Virus Infects humans Infects monkeys Post-2014 Critical Thinking Question #1&2 The Zika virus is a retrovirus which, historically, has been endemic to Brazil and has almost exclusively infected monkey populations (infection of human populations has been rare; see table below). In the past ten years, Brazil has experienced significant deforestation and expansion of its cities. State the point in time at which a mutation formed that causes easier infection in humans, and predict how the virus carrying this mutation had a selective advantage in a changing environment. Human, Monkey, and Zika Population Levels in a Deforested Region of Brazil, (1985–)* Time Human Population (millions) Monkey Population (thousands) Human Zika Infections (thousands) 1985Jan 3.6 1995Jan 4.0 2005Jan 4.6 2015Jan 5.4 2015May 5.4 2015Aug 5.5 2016Jan 5.5 12.5 11.9 11.0 6.2 6.0 5.9 5.8 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.005 0.150 12.0 20.0 Closure On the piece of white paper from the back, answer the following question: Explain the importance of genetic variation in a changing environment. Name Date Period Scale 1 – 10