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Honors Biology Ch. 13 review & Posttest Bacteria & Viruses Cells & Diffusion Viruses • • • • • • • Structure – Protein capsid w/ DNA/RNA core Not alive! Need host cell to reproduce DNA Infects plants, animals, bacteria (all life) Lytic (short) vs. Lysogenic (long) – Cell dies Retrovirus (RNA DNA) Reverse transcription No treatment(antibiotics), vaccines prevent Bacteriophage – infect bacteria only Bacteria • Shape – cocci, bacilli, sprilla • Wall – Gram positive or negative • Nutrition – organic, inorganic, photosyn – Oil eaters, mineral eaters, cyanobacteria(O2) • Prokaryote – no nucleus, organelles • Lg. chromosome + plasmids (antibiotic res) • Huge numbers (10x more than human cells) Bacteria, cont… • Treatment – antibiotics, vaccines – Overuse in agriculture, bacteria resistance up • Probiotics (yogart) • Archea – extremophiles(heat, salt,acid) Cell Biology • • • • • • • Membranes – lipids + proteins pumps Ribosomes – protein synthesis ER – transport proteins Mitochondria – makes ATP for cell energy Plants vs Animals Diffusion – high to low, no energy Active transport – low to high, energy needed