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Honors Biology
Ch. 13 review & Posttest
Bacteria & Viruses
Cells & Diffusion
Viruses
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Structure – Protein capsid w/ DNA/RNA core
Not alive! Need host cell to reproduce DNA
Infects plants, animals, bacteria (all life)
Lytic (short) vs. Lysogenic (long) – Cell dies
Retrovirus (RNA  DNA) Reverse transcription
No treatment(antibiotics), vaccines prevent
Bacteriophage – infect bacteria only
Bacteria
• Shape – cocci, bacilli, sprilla
• Wall – Gram positive or negative
• Nutrition – organic, inorganic, photosyn
– Oil eaters, mineral eaters, cyanobacteria(O2)
• Prokaryote – no nucleus, organelles
• Lg. chromosome + plasmids (antibiotic res)
• Huge numbers (10x more than human cells)
Bacteria, cont…
• Treatment – antibiotics, vaccines
– Overuse in agriculture, bacteria resistance up
• Probiotics (yogart)
• Archea – extremophiles(heat, salt,acid)
Cell Biology
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Membranes – lipids + proteins pumps
Ribosomes – protein synthesis
ER – transport proteins
Mitochondria – makes ATP for cell energy
Plants vs Animals
Diffusion – high to low, no energy
Active transport – low to high, energy needed