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Lipids in cells & Tissues Lipids :are macromolecules composed of C, H and O, and other atoms as Phosphor. They are water-insoluble but dissolve in organic solvents as alcohol and acetone. Biological Significance of Lipids: 1- Component of cellular membranes. 2- Source of energy and contains more energy than carbohydrates. 3- Some hormones are lipid-derivatives. 4- Work as heat insulator, and shock absorbent. Fatty acids + Alcohols = Lipids Lipids derived Lipids Steroids compound Lipids Phospholipids Simple Lipids Neutral fats Waxes Neutral fats: Most lipids in cell and in general are neutral fats. They are composed of 1 molecule of glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty acids. Neutral fats can be either saturated fats like butter, or unsaturated like oils. Waxes: similar to neutral fats structure but instead of glycerol they contains other larger alcohols. Phospholipids: Has 1 phosphate group (PO4) instead of one fatty acid. Found in all cells as component of cellular membranes Steroids: differs from other lipids in that it contains a steroid nucleus (4 cyclic rings, 3 of which are 6 C and 1 is 5 C ring). e.g. sex hormones and cholesterol. Lipids in tissues: Muscle Liver Detection of Cholesterol in samples: milk, butter, margarine, olive and corn oil 1- Mark 6 tubes from 1-6, to each tube add 0.5 ml of acidic potassium sulfate KHSO4. Add 5 drops of each sample to each tube, then add 2.5 ml of KHSO4 Heat over flame for few minutes. 2- Mark 6 new tubes from 1-6, to each tube add 2 ml of sample + 1 ml chloroform + 1 ml of acetic anhydride (CH3CO)2O + 2 ml of conc. Sulfuric acid (very carefully).