Download LIPIDS

LIPIDS
AKA: FATS
LIPIDS-
large nonpolar organic molecules
•18%-25% of body weight
•fewer covalent bonds
•fat-marbled meats, egg yolks, milk,
oils, waxes
•Most lipids are insoluble in water
but dissolve in other lipids and
alcohol, acetone (NONPOLAR)
Fatty Acids -unbranched C chains that
make up most lipids
• long carbon chains with a carboxyl group
at the end (COOH)
• carboxyl end is polar and thus
hydrophilic-attracted to water
• hydrocarbon end is non-polar and thus
hydrophobic- water fearing
• Saturated fatty acid-a fatty acid where all
the carbon to carbon bonds are single bonds
• Unsaturated fatty acid- there is at least on
carbon to carbon double bond
• Higher ratio of carbon and hydrogen atoms
to oxygen atoms
• causes them to have more carbon to hydrogen
bonds which store more energy….hence fats
having a higher caloric value
NEUTRAL FATS (TRIGLYCERIDES)
• BUILDING BLOCKS
• 3 Fatty acids
• Glycerol
• most common in the body
• Concentrated sources of energy
• adipose tissue insulates and protects
organs
• SOLID: (animal fats)
• Saturated: carbons have single
bonds
•LIQUID: (plant oils)
•Unsaturated: carbons
have double or triple
bonds
PHOSPOLIPIDS
• Important in cell membranes –
allows them to be selective
• POLAR HEAD – attracts and interacts with
water and ions (hydrophilic)
• NONPOLAR TAILS- ‘hydrophobic’
Waxes• Composed of a long fatty acid chain joined to
a long alcohol chain
• Wax can be found on the outside of plants to
prevent water loss especially through leaves
• Can also be found in your ears where it
prevents microorganisms from entering the
ear canal
STEROIDS
• Four interlocking rings
• Structure differs from other
fats
• Made largely of H and C atoms
CHOLESTEROL
• is most important molecule in
steroids
• meat, eggs, cheese
• Certain amount made in liver
• Found in ALL cell membranes
• Provide rigidity
• Facilitates communication between
cells
• Particularly abundant in
brain
• Used to form sex hormones,
cortisol (stress hormone),
bile salts, and vitamin D
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
deposit of FAT in artery walls
ATERIOSCLEROSIS
hardening of arteries
HOW DO WE MAINTAIN HOMEOSTATIS?
‘POLLY’
UNSATURATED
OLIVE ‘OYL’
• Omega-3 Fats
(Fish, walnuts)
• safflower, corn,
sunflower and
soybean oils