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Chapter 17
Naturally Occurring Oxygen-Containing Compounds
• Lipids
– Fats and Waxes (also called saponifiable lipids)
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•
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the simplest lipids
fats known as triglycerides
waxes from long, straight-chain alcohols
saponification (hydrolysis in NaOH to fatty acid salt and glycerol)
micelles (soap-like hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts organize above a
“critical micelle concentration” into a dynamic spherical structure)
• bilayer membranes (sandwich-like micelle of phospholipid with hydrophobic
regions on inside and hydrophilic regions away surrounded by aqueous
solution
– Terpenes (non-saponifiable lipids)
• comprised of “isoprenoid sub-units”, over 22,000 known natural terpenes
– Steroids
• fused 6, 6 6, 5 rings
C
A B
D
Chapter 17
Naturally Occurring Oxygen-Containing Compounds
• Understand the basic formation of
– waxes, fats, micelles, and bilayer membranes
– soap via a saponification
– the fused 6,6,6,5 ring structure of a steroid
• Be able to identify the isoprenoid sub-units in a
terpene
O
O
3
4
O
1 2
5 4
5
O
2
3
1