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Chapter 17 Naturally Occurring Oxygen-Containing Compounds • Lipids – Fats and Waxes (also called saponifiable lipids) • • • • • the simplest lipids fats known as triglycerides waxes from long, straight-chain alcohols saponification (hydrolysis in NaOH to fatty acid salt and glycerol) micelles (soap-like hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts organize above a “critical micelle concentration” into a dynamic spherical structure) • bilayer membranes (sandwich-like micelle of phospholipid with hydrophobic regions on inside and hydrophilic regions away surrounded by aqueous solution – Terpenes (non-saponifiable lipids) • comprised of “isoprenoid sub-units”, over 22,000 known natural terpenes – Steroids • fused 6, 6 6, 5 rings C A B D Chapter 17 Naturally Occurring Oxygen-Containing Compounds • Understand the basic formation of – waxes, fats, micelles, and bilayer membranes – soap via a saponification – the fused 6,6,6,5 ring structure of a steroid • Be able to identify the isoprenoid sub-units in a terpene O O 3 4 O 1 2 5 4 5 O 2 3 1