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Download Roman Government: Romulus to Republic
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• 12/3 Focus: – The Romans established a new form of government known as a republic – The Romans influenced many of the values and institutions of western civilization. • Do Now: – Identify the type of government found in the United States Ancient Rome The Roman Republic Review • What were some of the geographic characteristics associated with the Italian Peninsula? Review • What were some of the geographic advantages of Rome’s location in Italy? Early History of Rome • The Legend of Romulus and Remus – Legend states that the city of Rome was founded by two twins, Romulus and Remus. – Twins were abandoned near the Tiber River and raised by a shewolf – Romulus kills Remus and starts Rome Early History of Rome • 3 groups that influenced early Rome – Greeks • Established colonies in Italy and Sicily • Shared their gods with the Romans • Art, literature, and architecture influenced Romans – Etruscans • Shared augury, arches, blood sports – Latins • First to settle in Rome The Roman Monarchy • Kings ruled Rome from 753 B.C. to 509 BC – Romulus was the first king – 3 more Latin kings – Last three kings were Etruscan Seven Kings Tarquin the Proud • • • • 7th and last king of Rome Etruscan Hated by the Romans His son Sextus was accused of raping a Roman noblewoman named Lucretia, who then committed suicide out of shame • Tarquin and his son were driven out of Rome in 509 BC • Republic followed! SPQR • • • • New logo Senate & People Of Rome The Roman Republic • Republic – A form of government in which elected officials govern the state – power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders – Indirect democracy or representative democracy • Rome allowed free-born male citizens to participate in elections – Women could not vote The Roman Republic • Patricians – Aristocratic landowners who held most power in Rome • Made up 10% of the population • Said to be decended from the original 100 families of Romulus’ city – Ran the government and made the laws Patricians and Plebeians • Plebeians – Farmers, artisans, and merchants – Majority in Rome – Were barred from holding most government positions Secession of the Plebeians 494 BC • A plebian revolt in which the plebeians left the city of Rome, essentially going on strike, until the Patricians granted them more rights Secession of the Plebeians 494 BC • Plebeians demanded more rights in Rome from the patricians – Lex Hortensia: a law that said that any law passed by the Plebians would apply to all Roman citizens – Plebeian Council • Allowed to elect their own assembly – Tribunes • Officials elected to protect the rights of plebeians • Could veto laws that were unjust to plebeians The Twelve Tables of Rome • First written code of law in Rome • Plebeians demanded laws of Rome be written down – Laws were carved on twelve bronze tablets and displayed in the Roman Forum • Established the principle that all free citizens had the right to protection of the law Roman Government • Consuls – 2 consuls nominated by the Senate and elected by the assembly for 1 year – Chief executives and commanded the army Roman Government • Senate – 300 patrician men – Served for life – Controlled finances and foreign relations – Advised consuls Roman Government • Assemblies – Tribal Assembly and Centuriate Assembly – Made laws and elected officials Gaius Gracchus, tribune of the people, presiding over the Plebeian Council • Roman Government • In times of crisis, the republic could appoint a dictator to rule Rome. – Dictator • a leader who has absolute power Cincinnatus – Could only rule for six months – Were chosen by the consul and elected by the Senate • Considered the ideal dictator • Worked as a farmer until an invasion prompted his fellow citizens to elect him dictator • Performed the job and immediately went back to his farm Cincinnatus The Roman Forum • The center of life in Rome • Marketplace and civic center – Senate met in the forum – Public speeches were given here – Site of many businesses Closure • What is the difference between a republic and a direct democracy? • What was the difference between patricians and plebeians? • How are the Twelve Tables of Rome and Hammurabi’s Code similar?