* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Geographic Influences on Identity
Survey
Document related concepts
Geochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Schiehallion experiment wikipedia , lookup
Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment wikipedia , lookup
Post-glacial rebound wikipedia , lookup
Deep sea community wikipedia , lookup
Spherical Earth wikipedia , lookup
History of geomagnetism wikipedia , lookup
Physical oceanography wikipedia , lookup
Geomorphology wikipedia , lookup
Tectonic–climatic interaction wikipedia , lookup
History of Earth wikipedia , lookup
Age of the Earth wikipedia , lookup
Large igneous province wikipedia , lookup
Geological history of Earth wikipedia , lookup
Future of Earth wikipedia , lookup
History of geology wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Canada’s Physical Geography Chapter 2 ge·og·ra·phy noun The study of the physical features of the earth and its atmosphere, and of human activity as it affects and is affected by these, including the distribution of populations and resources, land use, and industries. What do you already know about Geography? Canada’s Physical Geography Canada’s geography has a huge effect on Canadians’ sense of identity. Planet Earth The Earth is made up of layers of rock of different ages. Canada has some of the oldest rock – about 4 billion years old! Layers of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 layers: the core, the mantle, and the crust. Core Center of the Earth composed of 2 layers: Inner core – very hot and solid because it’s under tremendous pressure. Outer core – very hot and contains mostly liquid rock. Mantle The middle layer and thickest layer of the Earth. It is made of solid rock, although high temperature and pressure can cause some of this solid rock to flow slowly. Magma A hot, dense, slow moving liquid. Crust The surface of the Earth (the part we walk on). It is very thin under the oceans, but very thick under the continents. Earth’s Crust Hard Boiled Egg Layers of the Earth https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NAHY6965o08 Convection Currents http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-convection-currents-definitionexamples-quiz.html Continents and Oceans as we know them. North America South America Europe Asia Africa Australia Antarctica Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean Continental Drift The theory that the Earth’s plates are moving. Scientist Alfred Wegener came up with this theory. The earth's crust is divided into plates that move because of currents in the mantle. It is believed the world was once one giant super continent called Pangaea. Over time, the plates of Pangaea started to move apart creating the continents we know today. Pangea Progression Scientists found evidence of continental drift to support their theory: 1. The shapes of the landmasses. 2. Similar fossils in rocks on separate continents. 3. Fossils of sea animals found high in the Himalaya Mountains. Canadian Crust Canada is located on the North American Plate. It moves about 4 centimeters west every year. When the Pacific plate moves northeasterly it creates a subduction zone. Subduction zone when one plate slides beneath another creating volcanoes and earthquakes. Group work on Plate Tectonics sheet questions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-HwPR_4mP4 “Ring of Fire” The zone around the Pacific Ocean is called the “Pacific Ring of Fire.” More than half of the world’s active volcanoes above sea level are found in this zone. The scary part is that the same area has some of the most densely populated regions on the planet! 1/5 of Canada's thousand or so earthquakes happen in British Columbia. Movements of the plates also means that the distance between the Atlantic provinces and Western Europe is increasing every year. Assignment: Questions 1. 2. What is the reason for the nickname “Pacific Ring of Fire?” Explain why Eastern Canada experiences relatively few major earthquakes. Landforms READ Page 23 to 26 Landform Assignment Research your assigned landform. Make a 5 Slide PowerPoint that includes: 1. Title page 2. A description of your landform. 3. How it was made or shaped. 4. Where the land form is most commonly found. 5. Reference page (site at least 3 sources where you found information) Pictures on every page! Fjord – Pingo – Moraine – Sand spit – Horn – Hoodoo – Drumlin – Esker – Waterfall – Erratic – Stack – Oxbow lake - Landforms or Topography natural features of the land’s surface (topographic maps) Hills, valleys, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc. Landscape Made up of an area’s landforms, but includes vegetation, water, ice, rock, human and animal activity. Landscape effects how we live: Food, travel, communication, business, etc. There are two types of Landscape: 1. Urban landscape city 2. Rural landscape country How are Landforms Built? How are Landforms Built? See page 24 in text! • Building up forces of mountain building • Wearing down forces of weathering • Wearing down forces of erosion • Building up forces of deposition Currents under the crust sometimes cause the magma in the mantle to come to the surface as lava. When this happens, great trenches or large mountains can form. Landforms are also created when continental plates move or collide. Fault lines cracks in the earth’s crust that usually run between the plates What is a Rift Valley? Draw a rift valley in your notes The Great Rift Valley Victoria Falls - Africa Victoria Falls - Africa Devil’s Pool Devil’s Pool Devil’s Pool How are Landforms Shaped? Weathering The gradual breaking down of solid rock by air, water, animals, and plants. Erosion When the land’ surface is carried away by running water, tides, wind, and glaciers. Deposition When eroded particles are dropped off in one place by running water, tides, wind and glaciers.