Lower Continental Crust. - UCSB Earth Science
... (1990) assembled a database of rock compositions from Archean and post-Archean terrains recrystallized at >0.6 GPa. Huang et al. (2013) updated this database and added a compilation of amphibolite-facies samples. We augmented their granulite data with additional analyses from the literature, and her ...
... (1990) assembled a database of rock compositions from Archean and post-Archean terrains recrystallized at >0.6 GPa. Huang et al. (2013) updated this database and added a compilation of amphibolite-facies samples. We augmented their granulite data with additional analyses from the literature, and her ...
Rare Earth Elements Profile
... The rare earth elements (REE) (sometimes referred to as the rare earth metals) are a group of 17 chemically similar metallic elements, including the 15 lanthanides, scandium and yttrium. The lanthanides are elements spanning atomic numbers 57 (lanthanum, La) to 71 (lutetium, Lu) (Table 1). The lanth ...
... The rare earth elements (REE) (sometimes referred to as the rare earth metals) are a group of 17 chemically similar metallic elements, including the 15 lanthanides, scandium and yttrium. The lanthanides are elements spanning atomic numbers 57 (lanthanum, La) to 71 (lutetium, Lu) (Table 1). The lanth ...
Workshop Report - Consortium for Ocean Leadership
... opportunities to directly study fluid flow and melt fluxes above a subducting slab that are only now just being exploited. An increasingly large segment of the community working on cratonic mantle xenoliths understands these as refertilized residues, which initially underwent about 40% partial melti ...
... opportunities to directly study fluid flow and melt fluxes above a subducting slab that are only now just being exploited. An increasingly large segment of the community working on cratonic mantle xenoliths understands these as refertilized residues, which initially underwent about 40% partial melti ...
Evolution of the continental crust
... continental crust19. Calculations reveal that the upper crust reflects ,14% partial melting, or the analogous amount of fractional crystallization, of average new basaltic crust (Table 1). Inevitably, the residual composition is very different from the average lower crust in that it has strongly dep ...
... continental crust19. Calculations reveal that the upper crust reflects ,14% partial melting, or the analogous amount of fractional crystallization, of average new basaltic crust (Table 1). Inevitably, the residual composition is very different from the average lower crust in that it has strongly dep ...
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... The Neoproterozoic Era (Fig. 1) is when Earth and life on it began to appear modern. This was when the first complex animals developed, ice ages became common, and the atmosphere became rich with oxygen. The great Pacific Ocean basin formed, alongside the Atlantic Ocean's ancestor Iapetus. Some of t ...
... The Neoproterozoic Era (Fig. 1) is when Earth and life on it began to appear modern. This was when the first complex animals developed, ice ages became common, and the atmosphere became rich with oxygen. The great Pacific Ocean basin formed, alongside the Atlantic Ocean's ancestor Iapetus. Some of t ...
Not Getting the Drift - Personal webpages at NTNU
... too ignorant of the laws governing the direction of subterranean forces, to determine whether such a crisis be within the limits of possibility. At the same time, it may be observed, that no distribution of land can well be imagined more irregular, or, as it were, capricious, than that which now pre ...
... too ignorant of the laws governing the direction of subterranean forces, to determine whether such a crisis be within the limits of possibility. At the same time, it may be observed, that no distribution of land can well be imagined more irregular, or, as it were, capricious, than that which now pre ...
Melting of the Uppermost Metasomatized Asthenosphere Triggered
... The Korean Peninsula is located in the eastern part of the Eurasian Plate. Here, Cenozoic volcanism is sparse, concentrated in four discrete Quaternary volcanic provinces; from north to south these are Changbaishan, Chugaryeong, Ulleung-do, and Jeju (Cheju) (Fig. 1). Strongly alkaline basalts that d ...
... The Korean Peninsula is located in the eastern part of the Eurasian Plate. Here, Cenozoic volcanism is sparse, concentrated in four discrete Quaternary volcanic provinces; from north to south these are Changbaishan, Chugaryeong, Ulleung-do, and Jeju (Cheju) (Fig. 1). Strongly alkaline basalts that d ...
The anatomy and ontogeny of modern intra
... subducted plate reaches magmagenetic depths (100 –150 km) and causes the mantle to melt. This configuration must exist for long enough that melts generated in the overlying asthenospheric wedge not only reach the surface but also persist until a stable magmatic conduit system is established. When th ...
... subducted plate reaches magmagenetic depths (100 –150 km) and causes the mantle to melt. This configuration must exist for long enough that melts generated in the overlying asthenospheric wedge not only reach the surface but also persist until a stable magmatic conduit system is established. When th ...
physical, chemical, and chronological characteristics of
... [9] In the ocean basins the base of the oceanic lithosphere is marked by a strong decrease in Vs at depths generally less than 100 km beneath the crust. Similar low-velocity zones are seen under tectonically active continental regions, such as the Basin and Range, but available evidence indicates th ...
... [9] In the ocean basins the base of the oceanic lithosphere is marked by a strong decrease in Vs at depths generally less than 100 km beneath the crust. Similar low-velocity zones are seen under tectonically active continental regions, such as the Basin and Range, but available evidence indicates th ...
Megaregolith evolution and cratering cataclysm models—Lunar
... saturation equilibrium level, D increases and regolith depth d increases. The model correctly predicts the depth of regolith developed on the lunar maria (see discussion in section “Consequences for Rock Survival Lifetimes”). On the pre4.0 Gyr moon, regolith maturation occurred to depths of hundreds ...
... saturation equilibrium level, D increases and regolith depth d increases. The model correctly predicts the depth of regolith developed on the lunar maria (see discussion in section “Consequences for Rock Survival Lifetimes”). On the pre4.0 Gyr moon, regolith maturation occurred to depths of hundreds ...
Abyssal peridotites, very slow spreading ridges and
... from individual ridge segments were derived from primary magmas with similar majorelement compositions. These observations can be explained if melt flows locally through the depleted mantle at the end of melting towards the midpoint of a ridge segment. This would cause melts originating at different ...
... from individual ridge segments were derived from primary magmas with similar majorelement compositions. These observations can be explained if melt flows locally through the depleted mantle at the end of melting towards the midpoint of a ridge segment. This would cause melts originating at different ...
Yin and yang of continental crust creation and destruction by plate
... continents collide (e.g. India with southern Asia and Australia with eastern Indonesia). Our analysis is not limited to plate tectonic processes (i.e. those related to subduction, seafloor spreading, and transform activity); it also considers hot-spot additions and loss by delamination, processes th ...
... continents collide (e.g. India with southern Asia and Australia with eastern Indonesia). Our analysis is not limited to plate tectonic processes (i.e. those related to subduction, seafloor spreading, and transform activity); it also considers hot-spot additions and loss by delamination, processes th ...
u series disequilibria: insights into mantle melting and
... eruption ages of samples need to be well known in order to be able to correct for any posteruptive radioactive decay. For example, if it is known only that a sample was erupted sometime in the last 8000 years that is fine for the 238U-230Th system because this is a short time period compared to the ...
... eruption ages of samples need to be well known in order to be able to correct for any posteruptive radioactive decay. For example, if it is known only that a sample was erupted sometime in the last 8000 years that is fine for the 238U-230Th system because this is a short time period compared to the ...
Intrusive igneous rocks include granite.
... earth materials are transported by moving water, ice, or wind. ...
... earth materials are transported by moving water, ice, or wind. ...
Metallogenesis of the world`s ocean against the background
... Abstract. This paper presents results of the studies on the metallogenesis of the deep-sea mineral resources and their sedimentary environment. Connections between the structure and evolution of the oceanic crust, with regard to the rules of occurrence and distribution of the ores, have been establi ...
... Abstract. This paper presents results of the studies on the metallogenesis of the deep-sea mineral resources and their sedimentary environment. Connections between the structure and evolution of the oceanic crust, with regard to the rules of occurrence and distribution of the ores, have been establi ...
body waves tomography from obs-recorded earthquakes
... GULF OF CADIZ ABSTRACT The gulf of Cadiz is a region considered as a complex seismic area, where strong earthquakes occur and where the plate boundary between the African and Eurasian plates is not exactly known. we use high resolution seismic data recorded by a network of ocean bottom seismometers ...
... GULF OF CADIZ ABSTRACT The gulf of Cadiz is a region considered as a complex seismic area, where strong earthquakes occur and where the plate boundary between the African and Eurasian plates is not exactly known. we use high resolution seismic data recorded by a network of ocean bottom seismometers ...
Mantle Exhumation in an Early Paleozoic Passive Margin, Northern
... coronae of plagioclase that weathers to a conspicuous creamy white (3A). Plagioclase (An77) only occurs in these coronae and never as an interstitial phase. Phlogopite grains in textural equilibrium with other minerals are found in one sample (KE003). In the peridotite body, olivine (Fo90) is homoge ...
... coronae of plagioclase that weathers to a conspicuous creamy white (3A). Plagioclase (An77) only occurs in these coronae and never as an interstitial phase. Phlogopite grains in textural equilibrium with other minerals are found in one sample (KE003). In the peridotite body, olivine (Fo90) is homoge ...
The Cretaceous and Cenozoic tectonic evolution of
... zones give a glimpse of the older Meso- and Paleo-Tethyan oceanic domains (Seton et al., 2012). For example, the only preserved oceanic crust of the latest Jurassic seafloor spreading episode is contained in the obducted basement of the central ophiolite belt on New Guinea (Fig. 1b), likely preserve ...
... zones give a glimpse of the older Meso- and Paleo-Tethyan oceanic domains (Seton et al., 2012). For example, the only preserved oceanic crust of the latest Jurassic seafloor spreading episode is contained in the obducted basement of the central ophiolite belt on New Guinea (Fig. 1b), likely preserve ...
Composition of the Oceanic Crust - DukeSpace
... The oceanic crust plays a key role in the on-going processes that modify the compositions of major Earth reservoirs. As the product of mantle melting, the generation of new oceanic crust continuously changes the composition of the upper mantle from which it forms. This has a profound effect on the m ...
... The oceanic crust plays a key role in the on-going processes that modify the compositions of major Earth reservoirs. As the product of mantle melting, the generation of new oceanic crust continuously changes the composition of the upper mantle from which it forms. This has a profound effect on the m ...
The role of magmatically driven lithospheric thickening on arc front
... the main drivers of crustal differentiation and the formation of continents. Arc volcanoes create mountain ranges high and long enough to influence large-scale atmospheric circulation. They are also a significant source of volatiles, such as H2O, CO2, and SO2, to the atmosphere and hydrosphere. Surfac ...
... the main drivers of crustal differentiation and the formation of continents. Arc volcanoes create mountain ranges high and long enough to influence large-scale atmospheric circulation. They are also a significant source of volatiles, such as H2O, CO2, and SO2, to the atmosphere and hydrosphere. Surfac ...
Continental crust generated in oceanic arcs
... oceanic crust that originally formed above the Galápagos mantle plume. We also find that seismic P-waves travel through the crust at velocities intermediate between those typically observed for oceanic and continental crust. We develop a continentality index to quantitatively correlate geochemical c ...
... oceanic crust that originally formed above the Galápagos mantle plume. We also find that seismic P-waves travel through the crust at velocities intermediate between those typically observed for oceanic and continental crust. We develop a continentality index to quantitatively correlate geochemical c ...
Origin of carbonatites in the South Qinling orogen:
... EM1 mantle end-members. Most carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of the SQ carbonatites plot outside the field for primary igneous carbonates. Their d13C shows higher value than a ‘normal’ mantle, which implies an incorporation of recycled inorganic carbon. The carbonatites were emplaced close to ...
... EM1 mantle end-members. Most carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of the SQ carbonatites plot outside the field for primary igneous carbonates. Their d13C shows higher value than a ‘normal’ mantle, which implies an incorporation of recycled inorganic carbon. The carbonatites were emplaced close to ...
A long in situ section of the lower ocean crust: results of ODP Leg
... 18 km east of the present-day transform-slip zone and 95 km south of the SW Indian Ridge axis. At the time of accretion, however, it was only about 15 km from the active transform fault as there was subsequent transtensional extension across the transform due to a spreading direction change [6]. The ...
... 18 km east of the present-day transform-slip zone and 95 km south of the SW Indian Ridge axis. At the time of accretion, however, it was only about 15 km from the active transform fault as there was subsequent transtensional extension across the transform due to a spreading direction change [6]. The ...
Continental crust generated in oceanic arcs
... oceanic crust that originally formed above the Galápagos mantle plume. We also find that seismic P-waves travel through the crust at velocities intermediate between those typically observed for oceanic and continental crust. We develop a continentality index to quantitatively correlate geochemical c ...
... oceanic crust that originally formed above the Galápagos mantle plume. We also find that seismic P-waves travel through the crust at velocities intermediate between those typically observed for oceanic and continental crust. We develop a continentality index to quantitatively correlate geochemical c ...