* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download IMMUNOLOGY
Survey
Document related concepts
Immunocontraception wikipedia , lookup
Gluten immunochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Complement system wikipedia , lookup
Monoclonal antibody wikipedia , lookup
Herd immunity wikipedia , lookup
Sjögren syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Lymphopoiesis wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Social immunity wikipedia , lookup
Molecular mimicry wikipedia , lookup
Hygiene hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Adoptive cell transfer wikipedia , lookup
Immune system wikipedia , lookup
Cancer immunotherapy wikipedia , lookup
Polyclonal B cell response wikipedia , lookup
Immunosuppressive drug wikipedia , lookup
Adaptive immune system wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Immunology Jianzhong Chen, PhD Institute of Immunology Zhejiang University References 何维 主编。《医学免疫学》第二版 ,人民卫生出 版社 2010 金伯泉 主编。《医学免疫学》第五版 人民卫生出 版社 2008 Abbus A K, et al. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 7th Edition,Elsevier Saunders . 2012 Janeway C A, et al. Immunobiology. 8th ed. Garland Science Publishing . 2012 Content Introduction of Immunology Brief History of Immunology Introduction of Immunology Introduction of Immunology Concept of Immunity Immune Response Immune Cells Tissues and Organs of the Immune System Immunopathology Immunity 1.Immunity: : Meaning the state of protection from infectious disease. In 430BC, a plaque in Athens, Those who recovered from the plaque would not contact the disease a second time. 2. Agents: microorganisms (viruses, bacteria etc) and their products, foods, chemicals, pollen, tumor cells, etc. 3.Immune system: immune tissues and organs, immune cells, immune molecules 4.Immune response: collective and coordinated response to the introduction of foreign substances. 5.Immunology: study the structure of immune system and its functions. Immune Response Innate immune response natural immune response non-specific immune response Adaptive immune response acquired immune response specific immune response The innate and adaptive immune response Characteristics Cells Molecules Innate immunity Responds rapidly No memory No or low specificity Physical barriers Phagocytes (PMNs and macrophages) Natural killer cells Humoral factors Complement Acute phase Proteins Cytokines T cells B cells Dendritic cells Antibodies Cytokines Granzymes Adaptive immunity Responds Slowly Memory Highly specific Innate immunity mechanism of recognition Pathogen associated molecules patterns(PAMPs):LPS,DNA,RNA,Protein Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS):DNA,HSP Pattern recognition receptors (PRR): Tolllike receptor(TLR) ,C-lectin recptor(CLR),RIG-I-Like recptor(RLR),NODlike Receptor(NLR) Innate Immunity Polly Matzinger Adaptive immune response Links between innate and adaptive immunity Cells of immune system Lymphocytes 1.Lymphocytes (except NK cells) are wholly responsible for the specific immune recognition of pathogens, so they initiate adaptive immune responses. 2.Lymphocytes are derived from bone-marrow stem cells. 3.B lymphocytes develop in the bone marrow. T lymphocytes develop in the thymus. Introduction Antigen presenting cells (APC) 1. 2. Dendritic cells (DC): powerful in antigen processing and presentation. Macrophage: powerful in antigen processing and destruction, but low in antigen presentation. Introduction Antigen presenting cells Introduction Natural killer cells (NK) 1. 5-10% of blood lymphocytes, LGL 2. express neither T-cell nor B-cell antigen receptors Phagocytic cells (Lung) Macrophage Attacking E. coli Introduction Phagocytic cells Monocytes (blood)/Macrophages (tissues) functions: 1. remove particulate antigens 2. take up, process and present antigenic peptides to T cells distribution: Kupffer cells in the liver microglial cells in the brain Phagocytic cells monocyte neutrophil Phagocytic cells Polymorphonuclear granulocytes 1.neutrophils; basophils; eosinophils 2.neutrophils are short-lived phagocytic cells multilobed nucleus; 10-20 m 3.neutrophils have a large arsenal of antibiotic proteins granules: lysosomes; lactoferrin Innate immunity mechanism of recognition Pathogen associated molecules patterns(PAMPs):LPS,DNA,RNA,Protein Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS):DNA,HSP Pattern recognition receptors (PRR): Tolllike receptor(TLR) ,C-lectin recptor(CLR),RIG-I-Like recptor(RLR),NODlike Receptor(NLR) Innate Immunity Polly Matzinger Tissues and organs of the immune system Primary (or central) lymphoid organs bone marrow thymus Secondary (or peripheral) lymphoid organs spleen lymph nodes Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) Mucosal immune system (MIS) 1.non-encapsulated lymphoid tissue in the lamina propria and submucosal areas of the gastrointestinal, respiratory and genitourinary tracts. 2. tonsil, appendix, Peyer’s patches 3. B cell IgA IEL Adaptive immune ( T cell) 4. function: local (mucosal) immunity Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) Immunopathology Hypersensitivity - overactive immune response Immunodeficiency - ineffective immune response Autoimmunity - inappropriate reaction to self antigens Brief History of Immunology Brief History of Immunology 1. Empirical Immunology(AD1700-1900) 2. Scientific Immunology(1900-1950s) 3. Modern Immunology(1960s-Present) Documents show that as early as AD 1000, the ancient Chinese custom existed of having children inhale powders made from the crusty skin lesions of patients recovering from smallpox Edward Jenner (1749-1823) Jenner vaccination Ali Maali Why Can we eradicate the smallpox? • No animal reservoir • Lifelong immunity • Subclinical cases rare • One serotype • Effective vaccine • Major commitment by governments Lious Pasteur (1822~1895). The genius of Pasteur carried him to the solution of many problems: the spoilage of beers and wines, with the accompanying pasteurization process; the discovery of anaerobic bacteria, virus vaccines, and attenuation of virulence; and studies of spontaneous generation. His studies in immunology have rightly earned him the position as father of the science. Von Behring (1854~1917) discovered the antitoxin and the principles of antiserum therapy. He established one of the first corporations to product immunologic products. Robert Koch (1843~1910) for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis" Elie Metchnikoff (1845~1916) converted his discoveries of phagocytosis into a doctrine that gained many disciples from his coterie of students. He shared the Nobel Prize with Ehrlich in 1908. Paul Ehrlich (1854~1915). Selective theories(Paul Ehrlich,1900) The binding like the fitting of a lock with key,the sidechain specificity was determined before its exposure to Ag, and the Ag selected the appropriate side-chain receptor. He shared the Nobel Prize with Metchnikoff in 1908. Clonal selection theory and immune tolerance The clonal selection hypothesis Rodney R. Porter (1917~1985) shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine with Edelman in 1972. • Gerald M. Edelman (1929~) was only 43 years of age when he shared the Nobel Prize with Porter in 1972. MHC Monoclonal Ab and Antibody Diversity Susumu Tonegawa is a Japanese Scientist who won the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine in 1987 "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity" Peter C. Doherty Rolf M. Zinkernagel ”for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence” The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011 was divided, one half jointly to Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" and the other half to Ralph M. Steinman "for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity".