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By: The Roman aristocracy set up a______ form of government in which voters elect their leaders in 509BC _______ were leaders who commanded the army and directed the government 2 served for one year terms. Members of the _______ were the aristocratic branch of Rome's gov. Membership was for life. The democratic side of Roman Government was the ________. which was made up of all citizen-soldiers The ____________ were a series of 3 wars between Rome and Carthage for control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean __________ invasion of Italy 218 BC: 50,000 infantry, 9000 calvary, 60 ___________ were led from Spain across France into the_____. 1/2 of men and most of elephants were lost. Hannibal failed to take Rome, but won important battles and marched over the Italian peninsula for ____ years unchallenged. In 146 BC, Carthage was finally destroyed by _______. · _________ racing was popular at the __________, but so were some of the more bloody sports. · Wild beasts were hunted and killed by the hundreds · _________ fought each other to the death. During the years A.D. 106 to 114, 23,000 gladiators fought to entertain the citizens · The Romans enjoyed bloody events so much that during the intermissions, Romans executed __________ for the entertainment of the audience. ________________ were very important to the Romans. Without slaves, the wealthy of Rome would not have been able to lead the lifestyles that they wanted to. By 100 BC, slaves formed 1/3 of Rome's population. Revolt: For two years _________ and his army of escaped slaves and Gladiators defeated every Roman Legion sent against him. Eventually in 71 BC, they were trapped and destroyed by six Legions In 44 BC ___________, an ambitious but popular politician and war hero, was granted dictatorship by the Senate, but was stabbed to death by his enemies in the senate who feared he would make himself king.. · After Caesar's death, his grandnephew, _________ and Caesar's trusted friend, _____________ led armies into Rome and forced the assembly to grant them power to rule the state. They took vengeance against the senate, killing 100 members and an additional 2000 businessmen. · Antony married Octavian's sister, as a good will gesture, but loved __________ who he had met while commanding troops in Asia Minor. He sent word to Rome that he was divorcing his wife and marrying Cleopatra, he then gave Roman lands to her children. · Octavian convinced the Senate that Antony was plotting to take over rule of Rome w/ Cleopatra, and led his navy against the couple. They were ______________and commited suicide. · Octavian made Egypt a province of Rome and became sole ruler of Rome (Augustus), dissolving the republic and ruling peacefully for 41 years. This began the period of 207 years of peace -___ _______ ____________ Christianity Spread through the empire: · Rome took over the Jewish kingdom (Jerusalem) and made it the Roman province of Judaea in A.D. 6. · _________was born both a Jew and a Roman subject. · His teachings contained many ideas from Jewish tradition, with an emphasis on loving God and loving others. · The growing popularity of Jesus and his teachings worried Roman officials and Jewish leaders. · The Roman governor __________________ sentenced Jesus to be crucified · Causes of the Decline & fall of the Roman Empire: · Rome's _________ declines- widening gap between rich and poor > bad harvests, tax burden, inflation, no more plunder from wars · Rome faces _________ problems-Divided into East & West: low defense funds,decline in loyalty among soldiers · Roman _________ decay- Constantine moves the capital (Constantinople), civil war and unrest · _________ changes- corruption, disloyalty, lack of patriotism · Rome sacked twice by Gemanic armies: 1st by the Visgoths then the _________ · The Western empire also faced ongoing threat from the Huns(nomadic tribes from central asia), and other competing tribes · In AD 476 the last Roman emperor was sent into exile by the barbarians · The Eastern half came to be called the _____________ empire, and continued to flourish for another 1,000 years · The Gospels and other writings of the apostles tell that _________appeared to his followers several times in the 40 days following his death, proving to his followers that he was the son of God. Christianity grew slowly but steadily, despite persecution in Rome for nearly 300 years, and eventually became the world's most widespread religion · Emperor _______________ became Christian · Roman _______________ church is established