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Transcript
The Crusades and the Wider World Chapter 8 Sec.3 page 255 I. The Crusades A. A series of holy wars fought for control of the city of Jerusalem. These wars were called the Crusades 1. Jerusalem is a holy city for people of three faiths a. Jews treasured it as Zion (God’s own city) and as the site of the ancient temple built by Solomon b. Christians – place where Jesus was crucified and resurrected c. Muslims – regarded Jerusalem as their 3rd holiest city because Muhammad ascended to heaven from Jerusalem B. First Crusade 1. 1095 A.D. Pope Urban II asked for a volunteer army to take Jerusalem from the Seljuk Turks (Muslim people from central Asia) 2. Knights and peasants readily signed up 3. All were promised immediate salvation in heaven if they were killed freeing the Holy Land 4. Led by FRENCH NOBLES, three armies traveled from western Europe to Jerusalem, often killing entire Jewish communities http://www.jesuschristsavior.net/Crusades.html Maps of the crusades 5. After a two-month siege, Jerusalem fell. The Crusaders swarmed the city and killed most of its Jewish and Muslim inhabitants http://www.history.com/videos/roots-of-the-crusades http://www.history.com/videos/duke-godfrey-leads-the-first-crusade http://www.history.com/videos/fall-of-jerusalem http://www.history.com/videos/search-for-the-holy-lance C. Second Crusade http://www.history.com/videos/king-louis-vii-leads-the-second-crusade 1. The Seljuks fight back a. The Seljuks eventually regained part of the Crusader states in Palestine b. The Pope called for a 2nd Crusade to regain the territory c. D. The Crusade lasted from 11471149 and was unsuccessful, due mostly to ineffective leadership Third Crusade 1. Muslims retake Jerusalem a. Led by Saladin, Muslim forces captured Jerusalem in 1187 http://www.history.com/videos/saladin 2. “Crusade of Kings” http://www.history.com/videos/richard-the-lionheart a. King Philip Augustus of France and King Richard I of England assembled warriors b. No more successful then the 2nd Crusade E.Other Crusades 1. Six more attempts were made to recapture the holy land 2. None were successful http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072957549/student_view0/chapter20/interactive_map_quiz.html II. Effects of the Crusades A. Failed to free the holy land from the Muslims B. Helped break down feudalism and increase authority of kings 1. Kings levied taxes 2. Nobles died in battle without leaving heirs, and their lands passed to kings 3. Many serfs were given their freedom http://www.history.com/videos/origins-of-the-knights-templar http://www.history.com/videos/the-crusades