Download Medieval Europe at It`s Height

The Crusades and the
Wider World
Chapter 8 Sec.3 page 255
I. The Crusades
A. A series of holy wars fought for control
of the city of Jerusalem. These wars
were called the Crusades
1. Jerusalem is a holy city for people
of three faiths
a. Jews treasured it as Zion (God’s
own city) and as the site of the
ancient temple built by Solomon
b. Christians – place where Jesus
was crucified and resurrected
c.
Muslims – regarded Jerusalem
as their 3rd holiest city because
Muhammad ascended to heaven
from Jerusalem
B. First Crusade
1.
1095 A.D. Pope Urban II
asked for a volunteer army to take
Jerusalem from the Seljuk Turks
(Muslim people from central Asia)
2. Knights and peasants readily signed
up
3. All were promised immediate
salvation in heaven if they were killed
freeing the Holy Land
4. Led by FRENCH NOBLES, three
armies traveled from western Europe
to Jerusalem, often killing entire
Jewish communities
http://www.jesuschristsavior.net/Crusades.html
Maps of the crusades
5. After a two-month siege, Jerusalem
fell. The Crusaders swarmed the city
and killed most of its Jewish and
Muslim inhabitants
http://www.history.com/videos/roots-of-the-crusades
http://www.history.com/videos/duke-godfrey-leads-the-first-crusade
http://www.history.com/videos/fall-of-jerusalem
http://www.history.com/videos/search-for-the-holy-lance
C.
Second Crusade
http://www.history.com/videos/king-louis-vii-leads-the-second-crusade
1. The Seljuks fight back
a. The Seljuks eventually regained
part of the Crusader states in
Palestine
b. The Pope called for a 2nd
Crusade to regain the territory
c.
D.
The Crusade lasted from 11471149 and was unsuccessful, due
mostly to ineffective leadership
Third Crusade
1. Muslims retake Jerusalem
a. Led by Saladin, Muslim forces
captured Jerusalem in 1187
http://www.history.com/videos/saladin
2. “Crusade of Kings”
http://www.history.com/videos/richard-the-lionheart
a. King Philip Augustus of France
and King Richard I of England
assembled warriors
b. No more successful then the 2nd
Crusade
E.Other Crusades
1. Six more attempts were made to
recapture the holy land
2.
None were successful
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072957549/student_view0/chapter20/interactive_map_quiz.html
II. Effects of the Crusades
A. Failed to free the holy land from the
Muslims
B. Helped break down feudalism and
increase authority of kings
1. Kings levied taxes
2. Nobles died in battle without leaving
heirs, and their lands passed to kings
3.
Many serfs were given their freedom
http://www.history.com/videos/origins-of-the-knights-templar
http://www.history.com/videos/the-crusades