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Download Biol 415 Quiz #1 Study Outline Mechanisms of Evolution
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Biol415Quiz#1StudyOutline MechanismsofEvolution -Whatisevolution,macroevolution,andmicroevolution?slide4 -Whatarethedifferencesbetweengenotypeandphenotype?Howaretheyrelated? slide4 -Whatarethemajorevolutionaryagents?slide5 -Whatisgeneflowandhowdoesitaffectpopulations?slide6 -Whatisgeneticdriftandnaturalselection?Whatdotheydotoapopulation?slide 7-8 -Whatisinbreedingandoutbreedingdepression?slide9 GeneticDrift(DlugoschandParker2008) -What’sthedifferencebetweenassortativeanddisassortativemating?Whatisthe implicationtogenotypeandallelefrequenciesforthem?Howmightitoccur?slides 4-8 -Whatisinbreedingdepression?Whatcausesit?Whatpreventsit?slides9,13 -Whatdoesinbreedingdotogenotypeorallelefrequencies?slides9-11 o Howdowemeasureinbreeding?slide12 -Whatisgeneticdrift?slides15-16 o Whataffectstheamountofdriftthatoccursandwhy?Especiallywhy populationsizematters.slides17-18 -Whatiseffectivepopulationsize?slide19 -Whataffectstheeffectivepopulationsizeandunderstandwhyeachdoes.slides1920 -Whateffectstheseverityofafoundereffectandwhy?slide22 -Whathappenstoallelefrequenciesduringdrift?Whatistheprobabilityofanallele beingfixedbydrift?slides23-24 -Whatdoestheoreticalcriticalvalue(4Nes)indicate?slide26 -Howdoesdriftactwithinpopulationsandamongpopulationsandwhy?slide27 -WhatdoesFstrepresentandhowisitmeasured?slide29 GeneFlow(Ellstrand2014) -Whatisgeneflow,whatdoesitdotopopulations?slide4 -Howdoesgeneflowoccurinplants?slides5-8 -Howdoyoumeasuregeneflow? o directly?whataretheshortcomingsofeachmethod?slides10-14 o indirectly?Whatarethecaveats?slides15-17 -Whatarethedifferentimplicationsofseedversuspollendispersal?slides18-20 -Howdoesgeneflowinfluencespeciescohesion?slides22-23 -Howdoesselectionaffectthespreadofamutation?slides24-31 -Whywouldgeneflowreduceinbreedingdepression?slide33 o Causeheterosis?slide34 o Causeoutbreedingdepression?slide35 -Geneflowandtransgenics.Howwouldyoutestifatransgenewouldspread?slides 37-39 Phylogeography(Sorketal.2016) -Whatisphylogeography?slides4-7 -Whatinfluencesspatialpatternsofgeneticvariation?slides8-9 -Whatisreticulateevolution?Doesitoccur?slide10 -What’sthedifferencebetweenpopulationgenetics,phylogeneticsand phylogeography?slides11-12 -Whataretheprosandconsofusingmitochondrial,chloroplastornuclearDNAfor phylogeography?slide13 -Beabletoreadhaplotypenetworksandwhencombinedwithageographicmapbe abletopostulateforcescausingthatpattern.E.g.geneflow,vicariance,longdistance geneflow,mutation,incompletelineagesorting,fragmentation.slide14-23 -WhatistheABBA-BABAtest?Whatdoweexpectwithoutgeneflowandwhy?What istheresultwhenthereisgeneflow?slides24-31 -Whatiscoalescenttheory?Whatisitusedfor?WhatdoesMRCAstandfor?slides 32-34,39-40 -Whatismodelbasedphylogenetics?Whatarethefoursteps?Howisitbetterthan previousmethods?slides35-38