Download Biol 415 Quiz #1 Study Outline Mechanisms of Evolution

Biol415Quiz#1StudyOutline
MechanismsofEvolution
-Whatisevolution,macroevolution,andmicroevolution?slide4
-Whatarethedifferencesbetweengenotypeandphenotype?Howaretheyrelated?
slide4
-Whatarethemajorevolutionaryagents?slide5
-Whatisgeneflowandhowdoesitaffectpopulations?slide6
-Whatisgeneticdriftandnaturalselection?Whatdotheydotoapopulation?slide
7-8
-Whatisinbreedingandoutbreedingdepression?slide9
GeneticDrift(DlugoschandParker2008)
-What’sthedifferencebetweenassortativeanddisassortativemating?Whatisthe
implicationtogenotypeandallelefrequenciesforthem?Howmightitoccur?slides
4-8
-Whatisinbreedingdepression?Whatcausesit?Whatpreventsit?slides9,13
-Whatdoesinbreedingdotogenotypeorallelefrequencies?slides9-11
o Howdowemeasureinbreeding?slide12
-Whatisgeneticdrift?slides15-16
o Whataffectstheamountofdriftthatoccursandwhy?Especiallywhy
populationsizematters.slides17-18
-Whatiseffectivepopulationsize?slide19
-Whataffectstheeffectivepopulationsizeandunderstandwhyeachdoes.slides1920
-Whateffectstheseverityofafoundereffectandwhy?slide22
-Whathappenstoallelefrequenciesduringdrift?Whatistheprobabilityofanallele
beingfixedbydrift?slides23-24
-Whatdoestheoreticalcriticalvalue(4Nes)indicate?slide26
-Howdoesdriftactwithinpopulationsandamongpopulationsandwhy?slide27
-WhatdoesFstrepresentandhowisitmeasured?slide29
GeneFlow(Ellstrand2014)
-Whatisgeneflow,whatdoesitdotopopulations?slide4
-Howdoesgeneflowoccurinplants?slides5-8
-Howdoyoumeasuregeneflow?
o directly?whataretheshortcomingsofeachmethod?slides10-14
o indirectly?Whatarethecaveats?slides15-17
-Whatarethedifferentimplicationsofseedversuspollendispersal?slides18-20
-Howdoesgeneflowinfluencespeciescohesion?slides22-23
-Howdoesselectionaffectthespreadofamutation?slides24-31
-Whywouldgeneflowreduceinbreedingdepression?slide33
o Causeheterosis?slide34
o Causeoutbreedingdepression?slide35
-Geneflowandtransgenics.Howwouldyoutestifatransgenewouldspread?slides
37-39
Phylogeography(Sorketal.2016)
-Whatisphylogeography?slides4-7
-Whatinfluencesspatialpatternsofgeneticvariation?slides8-9
-Whatisreticulateevolution?Doesitoccur?slide10
-What’sthedifferencebetweenpopulationgenetics,phylogeneticsand
phylogeography?slides11-12
-Whataretheprosandconsofusingmitochondrial,chloroplastornuclearDNAfor
phylogeography?slide13
-Beabletoreadhaplotypenetworksandwhencombinedwithageographicmapbe
abletopostulateforcescausingthatpattern.E.g.geneflow,vicariance,longdistance
geneflow,mutation,incompletelineagesorting,fragmentation.slide14-23
-WhatistheABBA-BABAtest?Whatdoweexpectwithoutgeneflowandwhy?What
istheresultwhenthereisgeneflow?slides24-31
-Whatiscoalescenttheory?Whatisitusedfor?WhatdoesMRCAstandfor?slides
32-34,39-40
-Whatismodelbasedphylogenetics?Whatarethefoursteps?Howisitbetterthan
previousmethods?slides35-38