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Prepared by : Dr. Reem A.Jarrad Introduction In their daily work nurses deal with events of : birth, death, & suffering. So they will be faced by many ethical issues surrounding those facts. Definition : are the beliefs or attitudes about the worth of a person, object, idea or action. Why are values important? - Because they influence nursing decisions and actions. 1- Autonomy : right to self determination 2- Human dignity: respect of inherent worth of individuals. 3-Integrity : working within accepted standards and code of ethics:النزاهة - See table : 4-1, top side of page 53 Definition: is the process by which people identify, examine, and develop their own individual values. -What is its principle? The principle says that no one set of values is right for everyone and that values are freely chosen. Three phases: 1- Choosing the value ( cognitive part) 2- Prizing the Value ( affective part) 3- Acting upon a value ( behavioural part) Nurses need to examine the values they are holding about : life, death, health and illness. - A nurse should never impose her own set of values on a client or a client situation. Seven steps for this process: 1- List alternatives 2- Examine possible consequences' of choices 3- Choose freely 4- Feel good about the choice 5- Affirm the choice 6- Act on choice 7- Act with a pattern consistantly Definition of ethics: the practices and beliefs of a certain group e.g., nursing ethics and medical Ethics Definition of bioethics : is ethics as applied to human life or health ( e.g. Decisions of abortion or euthanasia) Refers usually to private, personal standards of what is right or wrong in conduct, attitude and character. Nurses should differentiate between what is legal and what is moral . Page 55 examples. - - 1- Consequence-based theories 2- Principle based theory 3- Relationship based ( caring theories) - Look example on top of page 56. 1- Autonomy 2- Non-maleficence ( no harm principle) 3- Beneficence ( doing good) 4- Justice 5- Fidelity ( keep promises) 6- Veracity ( telling the truth) Would be from nursing ethics page 57 to page 64 Thanks for sharing Dr.Reem Jarrad